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Ireland

House of Representatives

Political system

Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.

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Parliamentary system

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Structure of parliament

Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral

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Bicameral

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IPU membership

Current membership status

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Yes

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About parliament

Basic information such as the official name of parliament and details of its structure and leadership. Also includes the current breakdown of MPs by sex and age, and provisions for quotas and reserved seats.

Parliament name
Oireachtas (Parliament)
Chamber name
Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives)

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Structure & status of parliament

This field is to indicate lower/upper in the back end.

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Lower chamber
Parliamentary term (years)

Length of the parliamentary term in years

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5

Notes: Article 16.5 of the Constitution stipulates that the same Dáil Éireann [House of Representatives] shall not continue for a longer period than seven years from the date of its first meeting. Section 33 of the Electoral Act, 1992 sets a maximum five-year term for the Dáil Éireann.

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IPU membership

Affiliation periods
from 1923
IPU Geopolitical Group/s

IPU Geopolitical Groups: African Group, Arab Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eurasia Group, Group of Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), Twelve Plus Group.

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Twelve Plus Group

Speaker

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Official title

The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.

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Chairwoman of Dáil Éireann (Ceann Comhairle)
Speaker
Verona Murphy (Female)
Date of birth: 28 Oct 1971
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker

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18 Dec 2024
Additional information

Elected on 18 Dec. 2024.

Speaker terms

No information available

Secretary general

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Official title

This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.

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Clerk of the Dáil and Secretary General of Parliament
Secretary General
Elaine Gunn (Female)
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general

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13 Jan 2026
Notes

Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.

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Appointed on 24 Oct. 2025 for a seven-year term, with effective from 13 Jan. 2026.

Members

Statutory number of members

Statutory number of members, as defined in the constitution or other fundamental law.

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174

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Principal mode of designation of members
Directly elected

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Directly elected members

Directly elected by citizens.

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174
Current number of members

Number of members who currently hold seats in parliament. May be lower or higher than the statutory number of members.

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172

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Men

The number of male parliamentarians who currently hold seats in parliament.

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129

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Women

The number of female parliamentarians who currently hold seats in parliament.

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43

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Percentage of women

Calculated by dividing the current number of women by the current number of members.

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25.0%

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Statutory number of members per country

As defined in the constitution or other fundamental laws. Combines the number of parliamentarians in both chambers in bicameral parliaments.

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234

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Population (in thousands)

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects.

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5,197

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Inhabitants per parliamentarian

Calculated by dividing the population by the statutory number of parliamentarians.

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23,623

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Age

Data on the age of parliamentarians is collected at the start of the legislature, following the most recent elections. This data is not updated during the legislature, except when parliament notifies the IPU of a change in the youngest or oldest member.

Average age of all members

Average age of members, for which data is available, at the time of the last election or renewal.

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50.5
(2024-12)

Notes: Data collected from media sources.

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Youngest member
Eoghan Kenny (Male)

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Youngest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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23

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Oldest member
Pat "The Cope" Gallagher (Male)

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Oldest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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76

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Number of members, by age (2024-12)

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Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 6 13 18 19 41 20 7 0 0 124
Female 0 0 7 6 10 15 4 1 0 0 43
Totals per age interval 0 6 20 24 29 56 24 8 0 0 167
Total <= 45: 50 Total >= 46: 117
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

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 3.6% 3.6% 0.0%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

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 15.6% 11% 4.2%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

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 29.9% 22% 7.8%
Members for whom data is available

Number of members, at the start of the legislature, for whom age data is available

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167
(2024-12)

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Members for whom age data is not available

The number of members at the start of a new legislature for whom age data is unknown

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7
(2024-12)

Reserved seats and quotas

There are reserved seats in parliament for certain groups

Reserved seats are a means to ensure the parliamentary representation of certain groups in society.

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No

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Electoral quota for women

Quotas to promote gender-balanced representation in parliament

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Yes

Notes: The Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act stipulates that political parties will have their State funding reduced by 50% if they fail to field at least 40% female candidates and 40% male candidates in the 2024 general election. This marks an increase from the previous elections, where the required quotas were set at 30% for each gender.

Sources: Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act 2012, cf. Part 6

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Youth quota

Quotas to promote the representation of youth in parliament.

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No

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Links to additional information

Parliamentary website

Link(s) to parliamentary web site in English, French and/or local languages.

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List of members

Link(s) to list of members on the parliamentary web site.

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Rules of procedure/Standing Orders

Link(s) to Rules of procedure on the parliamentary web site in English, French and/or local language.

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Constitution

Official links to the Constitution in English, French and/or original language is provided. Links to unofficial translations where no other source is available.

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Historical data for IPU membership

Historical data for IPU membership
Year IPU membership
2020-09
List of values for 2020-09
No
2019-04
List of values for 2019-04
No
2018-06
List of values for 2018-06
No

Historical data for Chamber name

Historical data for Chamber name
Updated at Chamber name
1948-02 Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives)
- House of Representatives

Historical data for Parliamentary term (years)

Historical data for Parliamentary term (years)
Updated at Parliamentary term (years) Notes
2025-08 5 Article 16.5 of the Constitution stipulates that the same Dáil Éireann [House of Representatives] shall not continue for a longer period than seven years from the date of its first meeting. Section 33 of the Electoral Act, 1992 sets a maximum five-year term for the Dáil Éireann.
2025-07 5 Article 16.5 of the Constitution stipulates that the same Dáil Éireann [House of Representatives] shall not continue for a longer period than seven years from the date of its first meeting. Section 33 of the Electoral Act, 1992 sets a maximum five-year term for the Dáil Éireann.
2013-01 5
Official title

The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.

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Chairwoman of Dáil Éireann (Ceann Comhairle)
Speaker
Verona Murphy (Female)
Date of birth: 28 Oct 1971
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker

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18 Dec 2024
Additional information

Elected on 18 Dec. 2024.
Official title

The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.

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Chairman of Dáil Éireann (Ceann Comhairle)
Speaker
Seán Ó Fearghaíl (Male)
Date of birth: 17 Apr 1960
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker

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10 Mar 2016 to 17 Dec 2024
Additional information

Elected on 10 March 2016, re-elected on 20 Feb. 2020.

Historical data for Speaker

Historical data for Speaker
Updated at Speaker
2024-12
Official title

The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.

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Chairwoman of Dáil Éireann (Ceann Comhairle)
Speaker
Verona Murphy (Female)
Date of birth: 28 Oct 1971
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker

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18 Dec 2024
Additional information

Elected on 18 Dec. 2024.
-
Official title

The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.

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Chairman of Dáil Éireann (Ceann Comhairle)
Speaker
Seán Ó Fearghaíl (Male)
Date of birth: 17 Apr 1960
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker

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10 Mar 2016 to 17 Dec 2024
Additional information

Elected on 10 March 2016, re-elected on 20 Feb. 2020.
Official title

This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.

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Clerk of the Dáil and Secretary General of Parliament
Secretary General
Elaine Gunn (Female)
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general

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13 Jan 2026
Notes

Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.

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Appointed on 24 Oct. 2025 for a seven-year term, with effective from 13 Jan. 2026.
Official title

This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.

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Clerk of the Dáil and Secretary General of Parliament
Secretary General
Peter Finnegan (Male)
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general

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13 Jan 2016 to 12 Jan 2026
Notes

Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.

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Appointed on 13 Jan. 2016.

Historical data for Secretary general

Historical data for Secretary general
Updated at Secretary general
2026-01
Official title

This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.

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Clerk of the Dáil and Secretary General of Parliament
Secretary General
Elaine Gunn (Female)
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general

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13 Jan 2026
Notes

Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.

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Appointed on 24 Oct. 2025 for a seven-year term, with effective from 13 Jan. 2026.
2016-01
Official title

This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.

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Clerk of the Dáil and Secretary General of Parliament
Secretary General
Peter Finnegan (Male)
Term

Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general

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13 Jan 2016 to 12 Jan 2026
Notes

Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.

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Appointed on 13 Jan. 2016.

Historical data for Statutory number of members

Historical data for Statutory number of members
Updated at Statutory number of members
2024-11 174
2020-02 160
2005-01 158

Historical data for Current number of members

Historical data for Current number of members
Updated at Current number of members
2025-12 172
2024-11 174
2020-02 160
2016-02 158
2011-02 166
2010-01 165
1981-06 166
1977-06 148
1969-06 143
1961-10 144
1948-02 147

Historical data for Men

Historical data for Men
Updated at Men
2025-12 129
2024-11 130
2021-12 123
2020-02 124
2019-12 125

Historical data for Women

Historical data for Women
Updated at Women
2025-12 43
2024-11 44
2021-12 37
2020-02 36
2019-12 33
2016-02 35
2014-12 27
2014-01 26
2011-10 25
2011-05 24
2011-02 25
2010-01 23
2002-05 22
1997-06 20
1997-01 23
1992-11 20
1989-06 13
1982-11 14
1981-06 10
1977-06 6
1973-02 4
1969-06 3
1965-04 5
1961-10 3
1948-02 5

Historical data for Percentage of women

Historical data for Percentage of women
Updated at Percentage of women
2025-12 25.0%
2024-11 25.3%
2021-12 23.1%
2020-02 22.5%
2019-12 20.9%
2016-02 22.2%
2014-12 16.3%
2014-01 15.7%
2011-10 15.1%
2011-05 14.5%
2011-02 15.1%
2010-01 13.9%
2002-05 13.3%
1997-06 12.0%
1997-01 13.9%
1992-11 12.0%
1989-06 7.8%
1982-11 8.4%
1981-06 6.0%
1977-06 4.1%
1973-02 2.8%
1969-06 2.1%
1965-04 3.5%
1961-10 2.1%
1948-02 3.4%

Historical data for Statutory number of members per country

Historical data for Statutory number of members per country
Updated at Statutory number of members per country
2024-11 234
2021-12 220
2021-01 220
2020-06 220
2020-02 220
2020-01 218
2019-12 218
2016-06 218
2016-04 218
2015-01 218
2014-10 218
2014-01 218
2013-12 218
2011-04 218
2011-02 218
2007-07 218
2007-01 218
2005-01 218

Historical data for Population (in thousands)

Historical data for Population (in thousands)
Updated at Population (in thousands)
2023-01 5,197
2022-01 5,124
2021-01 5,028
2015-01 4,700
2014-01 4,686
2013-01 4,682
2012-01 4,678
2011-01 4,663
2010-01 4,627
2009-01 4,568
2008-01 4,490
2007-01 4,398
2006-01 4,303
2005-01 4,213
2004-01 4,129
2003-01 4,050
2002-01 3,976
2001-01 3,909
2000-01 3,849
1999-01 3,796
1998-01 3,751
1997-01 3,712
1996-01 3,680
1995-01 3,652
1994-01 3,627
1993-01 3,606
1992-01 3,589
1991-01 3,576
1990-01 3,569
1989-01 3,567
1988-01 3,569
1987-01 3,572
1986-01 3,571
1985-01 3,565
1984-01 3,552
1983-01 3,532
1982-01 3,505
1981-01 3,473
1980-01 3,435
1979-01 3,392
1978-01 3,343
1977-01 3,291
1976-01 3,238
1975-01 3,184
1974-01 3,131
1973-01 3,079
1972-01 3,030
1971-01 2,987
1970-01 2,950
1969-01 2,921
1968-01 2,900
1967-01 2,885
1966-01 2,872
1965-01 2,860
1964-01 2,847
1963-01 2,835
1962-01 2,825
1961-01 2,820
1960-01 2,822
1959-01 2,831
1958-01 2,846
1957-01 2,864
1956-01 2,883
1955-01 2,900
1954-01 2,913
1953-01 2,921
1952-01 2,924
1951-01 2,921
1950-01 2,913

Historical data for Inhabitants per parliamentarian

Historical data for Inhabitants per parliamentarian
Updated at Inhabitants per parliamentarian
2024-11 23,623
2023-01 No information available
2022-01 23,291
2021-12 22,855
2021-01 22,855
2020-06 21,560
2020-01 21,560
2019-12 21,560
2016-06 21,560
2016-04 21,560
2015-01 21,560
2014-10 21,495
2014-01 21,495
2013-12 21,477
2013-01 21,477
2012-01 21,459
2011-04 21,390
2011-02 21,390
2011-01 21,390
2010-01 21,225
2009-01 20,954
2008-01 20,596
2007-07 20,174
2007-01 20,174
2006-01 19,739
2005-01 19,326

Historical data for Average age of all members

Historical data for Average age of all members
Updated at Average age of all members
2024-12 50.5
2020-02 48.5
2016-03 No information available
2011-03 48.5

Notes: Data collected from media sources.

Historical data for Members for whom data is available

Historical data for Members for whom data is available
Updated at Members for whom data is available
2024-12 167
2020-02 160
2016-03 151
- 164
Youngest member
Eoghan Kenny (Male)
Youngest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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23
Youngest member
James O'Connor (Male)
Youngest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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23

Historical data for Youngest member

Historical data for Youngest member
Updated at Youngest member
2024-12
Youngest member
Eoghan Kenny (Male)
Youngest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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23
2020-02
Youngest member
James O'Connor (Male)
Youngest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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23
Oldest member
Pat "The Cope" Gallagher (Male)
Oldest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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76
Oldest member
Bernard Durkan (Male)
Oldest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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75

Historical data for Oldest member

Historical data for Oldest member
Updated at Oldest member
2024-12
Oldest member
Pat "The Cope" Gallagher (Male)
Oldest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

View field in the data dictionary
76
2020-02
Oldest member
Bernard Durkan (Male)
Oldest member (years)

Age is calculated at the time the member was elected/appointed to a new legislature. Data is not updated during the legislature unless the member is no longer a member.

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75
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 6 13 18 19 41 20 7 0 0 124
Female 0 0 7 6 10 15 4 1 0 0 43
Totals per age interval 0 6 20 24 29 56 24 8 0 0 167
Total <= 45: 50 Total >= 46: 117
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

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 3.6% 3.6% 0.0%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

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 15.6% 11% 4.2%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

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 29.9% 22% 7.8%
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 3 18 30 20 33 18 2 0 0 124
Female 0 3 6 6 9 8 4 0 0 0 36
Totals per age interval 0 6 24 36 29 41 22 2 0 0 160
Total <= 45: 66 Total >= 46: 94
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

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 3.8% 1.9% 1.9%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

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 18.8% 13% 5.6%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

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 41.3% 32% 9.4%
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 3 16 23 19 28 28 2 0 0 119
Female 0 0 5 4 9 5 9 0 0 0 32
Totals per age interval 0 3 21 27 28 33 37 2 0 0 151
Total <= 45: 51 Total >= 46: 100
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 2.0% 2.0% 0.0%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 15.9% 13% 3.3%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 33.8% 28% 6.0%
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 1 26 19 16 34 39 2 0 0 137
Female 0 1 2 4 4 9 7 0 0 0 27
Totals per age interval 0 2 28 23 20 43 46 2 0 0 164
Total <= 45: 53 Total >= 46: 111
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

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 1.2% 0.6% 0.6%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 18.3% 16% 1.8%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

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 32.3% 28% 4.3%

Historical data for Breakdown of members by age and sex

Historical data for Breakdown of members by age and sex
Updated at Breakdown of members by age and sex
2024-12
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 6 13 18 19 41 20 7 0 0 124
Female 0 0 7 6 10 15 4 1 0 0 43
Totals per age interval 0 6 20 24 29 56 24 8 0 0 167
Total <= 45: 50 Total >= 46: 117
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 3.6% 3.6% 0.0%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 15.6% 11% 4.2%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

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 29.9% 22% 7.8%
2020-02
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 3 18 30 20 33 18 2 0 0 124
Female 0 3 6 6 9 8 4 0 0 0 36
Totals per age interval 0 6 24 36 29 41 22 2 0 0 160
Total <= 45: 66 Total >= 46: 94
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 3.8% 1.9% 1.9%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 18.8% 13% 5.6%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 41.3% 32% 9.4%
2016-03
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 3 16 23 19 28 28 2 0 0 119
Female 0 0 5 4 9 5 9 0 0 0 32
Totals per age interval 0 3 21 27 28 33 37 2 0 0 151
Total <= 45: 51 Total >= 46: 100
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

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 2.0% 2.0% 0.0%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 15.9% 13% 3.3%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 33.8% 28% 6.0%
2011-03
Breakdown of members by age and gender
18 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 and over Totals per gender
Male 0 1 26 19 16 34 39 2 0 0 137
Female 0 1 2 4 4 9 7 0 0 0 27
Totals per age interval 0 2 28 23 20 43 46 2 0 0 164
Total <= 45: 53 Total >= 46: 111
Percentage of members, by age
Age at the last election or renewal Overall Male Female
Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 1.2% 0.6% 0.6%
Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 18.3% 16% 1.8%
Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger

Compare data of this field

 32.3% 28% 4.3%

Historical data for Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger

Historical data for Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger
Updated at Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger
2024-12 3.6%
2020-02 3.8%
2016-03 2.0%
2011-03 1.2%

Historical data for Electoral quota for women

Historical data for Electoral quota for women
Updated at Electoral quota for women Notes Sources
2024-12 Yes The Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act stipulates that political parties will have their State funding reduced by 50% if they fail to field at least 40% female candidates and 40% male candidates in the 2024 general election. This marks an increase from the previous elections, where the required quotas were set at 30% for each gender. Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act 2012, cf. Part 6
2013-01 Yes Legislated candidate quotas. Part 6 of the Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act of 2012 provides that political parties will face a cut of half their State funding received under the Electoral Act 1997 if they do not have at least 30% women and 30% men candidates at the next general election (2016). Seven years from the general election where this provision first applies, the Act makes provision for this figure to rise to 40% in respect of each gender, commencing at the general election held next after that. cf. Part 6 of the Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act 2012.