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Political system
Political systems: Presidential, Parliamentary, Presidential-Parliamentary, Monarchy, Communist, Transitional.
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Parliamentary system
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Structure of parliament
Structure of parliament: Unicameral, bicameral
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Bicameral
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IPU membership
Current membership status
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Yes
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About parliament
Basic information such as the official name of parliament and details of its structure and leadership. Also includes the current breakdown of MPs by sex and age, and provisions for quotas and reserved seats.
- Parliament name
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Sanghiya Sansad (Federal Parliament)
- Chamber name
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Pratinidhi Sabha (House of Representatives)
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Structure & status of parliament
This field is to indicate lower/upper in the back end.
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Lower chamber
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Parliamentary term (years)
Length of the parliamentary term in years
View field in the data dictionary -
5
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IPU membership
- Affiliation periods
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from 1967
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IPU Geopolitical Group/s
IPU Geopolitical Groups: African Group, Arab Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eurasia Group, Group of Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), Twelve Plus Group.
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Asia-Pacific Group
Speaker
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Official title
The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.
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Speaker of the House of Representatives
- Speaker
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No information available
- The post of Speaker is currently vacant
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Yes
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Term
Start (and end) of the term of the Speaker
View field in the data dictionary -
29 Dec 2025
- Additional information
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Elected on 19 Jan. 2023.
Speaker terms
No information available
Secretary general
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Official title
This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.
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Secretary General
- Secretary General
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Padma Prasad Pandey (Male)
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Term
Start (and end) of the term of the Secretary general
View field in the data dictionary -
06 Feb 2024
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Notes
Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.
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Appointed on 6 Feb. 2024.
Members
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Statutory number of members
Statutory number of members, as defined in the constitution or other fundamental law.
View field in the data dictionary -
275
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- Principal mode of designation of members
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Directly elected
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Directly elected members
Directly elected by citizens.
View field in the data dictionary -
275
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Current number of members
Number of members who currently hold seats in parliament. May be lower or higher than the statutory number of members.
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275
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Men
The number of male parliamentarians who currently hold seats in parliament.
View field in the data dictionary -
179
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Women
The number of female parliamentarians who currently hold seats in parliament.
View field in the data dictionary -
96
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Percentage of women
Calculated by dividing the current number of women by the current number of members.
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34.9%
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Statutory number of members per country
As defined in the constitution or other fundamental laws. Combines the number of parliamentarians in both chambers in bicameral parliaments.
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334
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Population (in thousands)
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects.
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29,695
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Inhabitants per parliamentarian
Calculated by dividing the population by the statutory number of parliamentarians.
View field in the data dictionary -
88,907
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Age
Data on the age of parliamentarians is collected at the start of the legislature, following the most recent elections. This data is not updated during the legislature, except when parliament notifies the IPU of a change in the youngest or oldest member.
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Average age of all members
Average age of members, for which data is available, at the time of the last election or renewal.
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Number of members, by age
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See historical data for this field
| 18 - 20 | 21 - 30 | 31 - 40 | 41 - 45 | 46 - 50 | 51 - 60 | 61 - 70 | 71 - 80 | 81 - 90 | 91 and over | Totals per gender | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | No information available | ||||||||||
| Female | |||||||||||
| Total <= 45: - | Total >= 46: - | ||||||||||
| Age at the last election or renewal | Overall | Male | Female | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Percentage of MPs 30 years of age or younger
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- | - | - | - |
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Percentage of MPs 40 years of age or younger
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- | - | - | - |
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Percentage of MPs 45 years of age or younger
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- | - | - | - |
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Members for whom data is available
Number of members, at the start of the legislature, for whom age data is available
View field in the data dictionary -
Click for historical data
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Reserved seats and quotas
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There are reserved seats in parliament for certain groups
Reserved seats are a means to ensure the parliamentary representation of certain groups in society.
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Yes
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- Persons with disabilities
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Notes: Parties must include persons with disabilities on their proportional representation lists, but no specific number of seats is guaranteed to them.
Sources: Constitution, art. 84 (3)
- Other groups
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Notes: Women: one-third of total members elected from each party represented in the Federal Parliament + Election for the Speaker and Deputy-Speaker shall be so held that there is one woman out of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
Sources:
Constitution, art. 84(8)
Constitution, art. 91 -
Electoral quota for women
Quotas to promote gender-balanced representation in parliament
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Yes
Notes:
Each party must ensure that the number of women candidates is at least one third of the total number of candidates to be fielded by a political party in the proportional elections and in the first-past-the-post electoral system (Constituent Assembly Ordinance 2013).
If the lists of candidates submitted for the election fail to meet the quota rule, the Commission will return the list to the party concerned in order to align the list with the gender quota regulation. in case of non- compliance, the list will be rejected
Sources: The Constitution and Electoral Law
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Youth quota
Quotas to promote the representation of youth in parliament.
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No
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Links to additional information
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Parliamentary website
Link(s) to parliamentary web site in English, French and/or local languages.
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List of members
Link(s) to list of members on the parliamentary web site.
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No information available
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Rules of procedure/Standing Orders
Link(s) to Rules of procedure on the parliamentary web site in English, French and/or local language.
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No information available
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Constitution
Official links to the Constitution in English, French and/or original language is provided. Links to unofficial translations where no other source is available.
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