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⇱ Diffusion controlled growth of pyroxene-bearing margins on amphibolite bands in the granulite facies of Rogaland (Southwestern Norway): implications for granulite formation | Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology | Springer Nature Link

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Diffusion controlled growth of pyroxene-bearing margins on amphibolite bands in the granulite facies of Rogaland (Southwestern Norway): implications for granulite formation

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Abstract

In the Rogaland granulites of Southern Norway, thin anhydrous pyroxene-bearing margins (5–10 mm) are observed mainly in migmatitic banded gneisses at the contact between hornblende-rich metabasites and charnockites. According to field data, the development of these margins post-dates any deformation. Petrographic data show that they are zoned. Three different types have been recognized:

  1. 1.

    Metabasite/plagioclase + orthopyroxene/plagioclase + clinopyroxene/gneiss

  2. 2.

    Metabasite/plagioclase + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene/plagioclase + clinopyroxene/gneiss

  3. 3.

    Metabasite/plagioclase + orthopyroxene/gneiss

The first zone corresponds to the reaction of amphibole and biotite of the metabasite into pyroxenes. The second zone, which is not present in the third type, developed essentially at the expense of gneiss and the Z1/Z2 boundary is likely to correspond to the original contact between metabasite and gneiss. When the anorthite content of plagioclase and the Fe no. of pyroxenes are strongly different between adjacent metabasite (An38–40 for plagioclase; Fe no. [Fe/(Fe + Mg)], 0.51–0.52 for orthopyroxene) and gneiss (An22–26; Fe no., 0.58–0.59), the solid solution compositions evolve continuously through the margin from the value in the metabasite to that in the gneiss. On the other hand, a margin is also present when plagioclase and pyroxenes have similar compositions in the adjacent rocks implying that reactions can also take place in the absence of contrasted mineral compositions. The continuous change in solid solution composition as well as evidence of transport in both directions indicates diffusion rather than infiltration as the dominant metasomatic mechanism. The small thickness of the margins is also more typical of a diffusion process. Isocon diagrams demonstrate that Al, Ti, and P are perfectly inert components and that no significant mass or volume change occurred during the margin development. Mass balance of this small-scale granulite formation has been estimated with reference to a perfectly inert component (Ti) and assuming that the metabasite bands were compositionally homogeneous. Most of the geochemical variation is mineralogically controlled. Relative to metabasite, Si and Na are increased due to pyroxenes crystallization and to compositional change of plagioclase when it occurs. Potassium decreases because of biotite disappearance. There is no significant variation in U content but Th is slightly decreased. Zirconium and Hf are not affected whereas Nb, Ta and Mn display the largest increase that requires the involvement of a larger volume of metabasite than that observed in the margin. The K/Rb ratio is increased. Fluorine is strongly depleted due to destabilization of amphibole and biotile. The rare-earth element content in margins is either similar to that of the metabasite or intermediate between that of gneiss and metabasite. This last feature is induced by the development of margins at the expense of both adjacent rock types. Saturation surfaces in chemical potential space provide a graphical method for determination of the parameters controlling the diffusion process. In the simplified system CaO−MgO−SiO2−Al2O3−H2O, these chemical potential diagrams show that evolution along a \((\mu )_{H_2 O} \) gradient cannot take into account the three different types of margins. A \((\mu )_{H_2 O} \) gradient is thus not prerequisite to the margin development. On the other hand, the succession of zones observed in the different types of margins can be obtained in a \((\mu )_{CaO} - (\mu )_{MgO} - (\mu )_{SiO_2 } \) diagram. This suggests that the \((\mu )_{SiO_2 } \) gradient existing between the two adjacent rocks controls the margin development in all cases. Moreover, the variable contrast of plagioclase composition between the adjacent rocks is responsible for the presence of one or two pyroxenes is the first zone. The absence of the second clinopyroxene-bearing zone in the third type of margin is likely due to the scarcity of orthopyroxene in the gneiss.

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  1. Laboratoires associés de Géologie, Pétrologie et Géochimie, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium

    J. Vander Auwera

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  1. J. Vander Auwera

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Vander Auwera, J. Diffusion controlled growth of pyroxene-bearing margins on amphibolite bands in the granulite facies of Rogaland (Southwestern Norway): implications for granulite formation. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 114, 203–220 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307756

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