The alteration of olivine in basaltic and associated lavas
Part I: High temperature alteration
- Published:
- Volume 16, pages 233β257, (1967)
- Cite this article
Abstract
A study of the alteration products of olivines in lavas from a number of volcanic regions indicates the temperature and oxidation conditions under which deuteric alteration has taken place. High temperature oxidation of basaltic olivine results in either exsolution of hematite associated with a more forsteritic olivine, or formation of a symplectic intergrowth of magnetite and orthopyroxene. Continued oxidation of the metastable assemblage magnetite + orthopyroxene produces hematite+forsterite. Identical textures and mineralogical assemblages have been produced in a number of heating experiments, and compare closely with natural examples, and with reheated olivines from gabbroic and ultra-basic xenoliths. The advanced oxidation state of coexisting Fe-Ti oxides associated with highly altered olivines confirms the suggestion that processes of oxidation are the prime causes of high temperature deuteric alteration.
This is a preview of subscription content, to check access.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Bernal, J.D., D.R. Dasgupta, and A.L. Mackay: Oriented transformations in ironoxides and hydroxides. Nature (Lond.) 180, 645β647 (1957).
Berry, L.G., and R.M. Thompson: X-ray powder data for ore minerals: The Peacock Atlas. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 85 (1962).
Buddington, A.F., and D.H. Lindsley: Iron-titanium oxide minerals and synthetic equivalents. J. Petrol. 5, 310β357 (1964).
Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman: Rock forming minerals, vol. 5. London: Longmans 1962.
Graham, L.D., and R.W. Kraft: Coarsening of eutectic microstructures at elevated temperatures. Trans. Met. Soc. AIME 236, 94β101 (1966).
Haggerty, S.E., G.D. Borley, and M. J. Abbott: Iron-titanium oxides in a suite of alkaline volcanic rocks from Teneriffe. (Abs.) Int. Mineral. Ass. (1966).
Hiemstra, S.A.: An easy method to obtain X-ray diffraction patterns of small amounts of material. Amer. Mineralogist 41, 519β521 (1956).
Hunt, J.D.: The lamellar-rod transformation in eutectics. J. Inst. Metals 94, 125β129 (1966).
Jambor, J.L., and C.H. Smith: Olivine composition determination with small diameter X-ray powder cameras. Mineral Mag. 33, 730β743 (1964).
Kingston, G.A.: The occurrence of platinoids and bismuthotellurides in the Merensky reef at Rustenberg platinum mine in the western Bushveld. Mineral. Mag. 32, 815β834 (1966).
Kushiro, I., and H.S. Yoder jr.: Anorthite-forsterite and anorthite-enstatite reactions and their bearing on the basalt-eclogite transformation. J. Petrol. 7, 337β374 (1966).
Larson, E.E., Mituko Ozima, Minora Azima, T. Nagata, and D.W. Strangway: Studies concerning the stability of remanent magnetism of a variety of rocks. (Abs.) Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 47, 1 (1966).
Lepp, H.: Stages in the oxidation of maghemite. Amer. Mineralogist 42, 679β681 (1957).
Lindsley, D.H.: Investigations in the system FeO-Fe2O3-TiO2. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yearbk. 61, 100β106 (1962).
β: Equilibrium relations of coexisting pairs of Fe-Ti oxides. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yearbk. 62, 60β66 (1963).
β: Lower thermal stability of FeTi2O5-Fe2TiO5 (pseudobrookite) solid solution series. Proc. Geol. Soc. Amer. Ann. Meeting (Abs.) 76, 211 (1965).
Muan, A.: Phase equilibria at high temperatures in oxide systems involving changes in oxidation states. Amer. J. Sci. 256, 171β207 (1958).
β, and E.F. Osborn: Phase equilibria at liquidus temperatures in the system MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 39, 121β140 (1956).
Mueller, R.F.: Oxidation in high temperature petrogenesis. Amer. J. Sci. 259, 460β480 (1961).
Muir, I.D., C.E. Tilley, and J.H. Scoon: Contribution to the petrology of Hawaiian basalts, 1. The piorite basalts of Kilauea. Amer. J. Sci. 255, 241β253 (1957).
Sederholm, J.J.: The use of the term βdeutericβ. Econ. Geol. 24, 869β871 (1929).
Shand, S.J.: Coronas and coronites. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 56, 247β266 (1945).
Tsvetkov, A.I., V.S. Myasnikov, N.I. Schepochkina, and N.A. Matveyeva: Tabular formations in titanomagnetite. Int. Geol. Rev. 8, No. 6, 676β688 (1966).
Tunell, G., and E. Posnjak: The stability relationships of goethite and hematite. Econ. Geol. 26, 337β343 (1931).
Vincent, E.A., and R. Phillips: Iron-titanium oxide minerals in layered gabbros of the Skaergaard intrusion, east Greenland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 6, 1β26 (1954).
Watkins, N.D., and S.E. Haggerty: Some magnetic properties and the possible petrogenetic significance of oxidized zones in an Icelandic olivine basalt. Nature (Lond.) 206, 797β800 (1965).
β: Primary oxidation variation and petrogenesis in a single lava. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 15, 251β271 (1967).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haggerty, S.E., Baker, I. The alteration of olivine in basaltic and associated lavas. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 16, 233β257 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371094
Received:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371094
Share this article
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
