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⇱ Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control | Nature Neuroscience

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Abstract

A broad range of neural and behavioral data suggests that the brain contains multiple systems for behavioral choice, including one associated with prefrontal cortex and another with dorsolateral striatum. However, such a surfeit of control raises an additional choice problem: how to arbitrate between the systems when they disagree. Here, we consider dual-action choice systems from a normative perspective, using the computational theory of reinforcement learning. We identify a key trade-off pitting computational simplicity against the flexible and statistically efficient use of experience. The trade-off is realized in a competition between the dorsolateral striatal and prefrontal systems. We suggest a Bayesian principle of arbitration between them according to uncertainty, so each controller is deployed when it should be most accurate. This provides a unifying account of a wealth of experimental evidence about the factors favoring dominance by either system.

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Figure 1: Task representations used by tree-search and caching reinforcement learning methods in a discrete-choice, discrete-trial representation of a standard instrumental conditioning task.
Figure 2: Behavioral results from reward devaluation experiments in rats.
Figure 3: Stylized tree representation of an instrumental conditioning task with two actions (a lever press and a chain pull) for two rewards.
Figure 4: Tree estimation at two stages of learning by the tree-search system on the task of Figure 1a.
Figure 5: Simulation of the dual-controller reinforcement learning model in the task of Figure 1a.
Figure 6: Simulation of the dual-controller reinforcement learning model in the task of Figure 3, in which two different actions produced two different rewards.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to B. Balleine, A. Courville, A. Dickinson, P. Holland, D. Joel, S. McClure and M. Sahani for discussions. The authors are supported by the Gatsby Foundation, the EU Bayesian Inspired Brain and Artefacts (BIBA) project (P.D., N.D.), a Royal Society USA Research Fellowship (N.D.) and a Dan David Fellowship (Y.N.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK

    Nathaniel D Daw, Yael Niv & Peter Dayan

  2. Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 1255, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel

    Yael Niv

Authors
  1. Nathaniel D Daw
  2. Yael Niv
  3. Peter Dayan

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathaniel D Daw.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Fig. 1 (download PDF )

Value propagation in tree search, after 50 steps of learning the task in Figure 1a. (PDF 248 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2 (download PDF )

Example of learning in the cache algorithm, following a single transition from state s to s′ having taken action a. (PDF 306 kb)

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Daw, N., Niv, Y. & Dayan, P. Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control. Nat Neurosci 8, 1704–1711 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1560

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