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⇱ Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives - Wikipedia


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Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɮ⟩ in IPA
Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
ɮ
IPA number149
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɮ
Unicode (hex)U+026E
X-SAMPAK\
Braille👁 ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
👁 ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
👁 ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
Image
👁 Image
Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative
ɮ̠
Audio sample

A voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.

Notation

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👁 Image
Former style of the IPA letter for a voiced alveolar lateral fricative

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩, sometimes referred to as lezh.

In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to heng⟩ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing ⟨ɮ⟩. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version, 👁 Image
, that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by ⟨ɮ⟩ at the 1989 Kiel Convention.[1] Despite the Association's prescription, ⟨ɮ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[2][3][4][5][6]

Related characters

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There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):

  • U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter[7]
  • U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[7]
  • U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[7][8]

Features

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Features of a voiced alveolar lateral fricative:

Occurrence

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Dental or denti-alveolar

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Amis[9] Kangko ada [ʔaɮ̟aʔ] 'enemy' May be realized as denti-alveolar [ɮ̟] or interdental [ɮ̪͆]. Corresponds to [ð̪] in the Fengpin dialect.

Alveolar

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe къалэ [qaːɮa] 'town' Can also be pronounced as [l]
Bura[10] dlambà [ɮamba] 'cloud' Contrasts with [ɬ] and [𝼆].[10]
English South African ibandla [iˈbaːnɮa] 'meeting of a Nguni chief or community' Only found in Zulu loan words in South African English.
Kabalan dedan [ɮə'an] 'sky'
Kabardian блы [bɮə] 'seven' Can also be pronounced as [l]
Ket олын [ɔɮɨn] 'nose' Can also be pronounced as [l]
Moloko[11] zlan [ɮàŋ] 'start, begin' Contrasts with [ɬ], [l] and [ʒ]
Mongolian чулуу [tʃʊɮʊː] 'stone' Devoiced to [ɬ] at the end of a word or when surrounded by voiceless consonants
Pinuyumayan lrevek [ɮə'vək] 'tooth' Puyuma dialect doesn't have the sound.
Sassarese caldhu [ˈkaɮdu] 'hot'
Tera[12] dlepti [ɮè̞pti] 'planting' Contrasts with both [ɬ] and [l]
Truku lukus ['ɮukus] 'clothes'
Zulu[13] ukudla [úɠùːɮá] 'to eat' Contrasts with both [ɬ] and [l]; realized as [] after nasals

Voiced lateral-median fricative

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Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative
ʫ
ð̠ˡ
Audio sample
Image
👁 Image
Voiced dental lateral–median fricative
ʫ̪
ðˡ

The voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow.

Features

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Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic[14][15][16] Rijal Almaʽa ضَبْعْ [ðˡˤabʕ] 'hyena' Classical Arabic ɮˁ and Modern Standard Arabic [dˤ]
Mehri[15] ذوفر [ðˡˤoːfar] 'plait'

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Wells, John (3 November 2006). "The symbol ɮ". John Wells’s phonetic blog. Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  2. ^ Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera". Journal of West African Languages. 1 (2): 33–50.
  3. ^ Catford, J. C.; Ladefoged, Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises. University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  4. ^ Brosnahan, L. F.; Malmberg, Bertil (1970). Introduction to Phonetics. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-521-21100-X.
  5. ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics. University of Chicago Press. p. 54. ISBN 0-226-46787-2.
  6. ^ MacKay, Ian (1987). Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production (2nd ed.). Little, Brown and Company. p. 106. ISBN 0-316-54238-5.
  7. ^ a b c Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (11 July 2020). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  8. ^ Anderson, Deborah (7 December 2020). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  9. ^ Maddieson, Ian; Wright, Richard (October 1995). "The Vowels and Consonants of Amis — A Preliminary Phonetic Report" (PDF). Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages III. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics Volume 91. pp. 45–65. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  10. ^ a b Grønnum (2005), pp. 154–155.
  11. ^ Friesen (2017), p. 49.
  12. ^ Tench (2007), p. 228.
  13. ^ Poulos & Msimang (1998), p. 548.
  14. ^ Heselwood, Barry (2013). "Phonetic Notation". Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-0-7486-9101-2.
  15. ^ a b Watson, Janet (2011). "Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Vol. 41. Oxford: Archaeopress. p. 425-432. ISBN 978-1-905739-40-0. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  16. ^ Watson, Janet (2013). "Lateral reflexes of Proto-Semitic D and Dh in Al-Rubūʽah dialect, south-west Saudi Arabic: Electropalatographic and acoustic evidence". Nicht Nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur Semitischen Dialektologie: Festschrift für Werner Arnold. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-447-06926-7. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)

References

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External links

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