Ayoub is the Arabic name of the biblical figure Job.

Ayoub or Ayyoub or Ayub or Ayoob and other variants is also a given name and a surname. Eyüp is the Turkish variant of the same name. Ejub is the Bosnian variant of the same name.

• Ayoub Abdellaoui (born 1993), Algerian footballer
• Ayoub Adouich (born 1996), Moroccan para taekwondo practitioner
• Ayoub Azzi (born 1989), Algerian footballer
• Ayoub Baninosrat (born 1968), Iranian wrestler
• Ayoub Barzani, Kurdish writer and critic
• Ayoub Boukhari (born 1997), Dutch footballer of Moroccan descent
• Ayoub El Kaabi (born 1993), Moroccan footballer
• Ayoub Odisho (born 1960), Iraqi Assyrian footballer
• Ayoub Ouadrassi (born 1991), Moroccan footballer
• Ayoub Al-Mas (born 1978), Emirati swimmer
• Ayoub Mousavi (born 1995), Iranian weightlifter
• Ayoub Murshid Ali Saleh (born 1978), Yemeni citizen held in extrajudicial detention in the U.S. Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba
• Ayoub Pourtaghi (born 1973), Iranian amateur boxer
• Ayoub Rachane (born 1988), Moroccan footballer
• Ayoub-Farid Michel Saab (or just Farid Saab) (born 1939), Lebanese banker
• Ayoub Sadni (born 1999), Moroccan Paralympic athlete
• Ayoub Sørensen (born 1988), Danish-Moroccan footballer
• Ayoub Tabet (1884–1951), Lebanese Protestant politician and acting president of Lebanon during the French Mandate of Lebanon from 18 March to 22 July 1943
• Ayoub Zolfagari (born 1959), Iranian footballer

• Ayyoub Allach (born 1998), Belgian-born Moroccan footballer

• Ayub Khan (1907–1974), a number of individuals with the name

• Ahmed Ayoub (born 1971), Egyptian footballer
• Christine Ayoub (1922–2024), Canadian-American mathematician
• Elizabeth Ayoub, Venezuelan singer and actress of Lebanese descent
• François Ayoub (1899–1966), Syrian Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo
• George Ayoub (born 1963), Australian professional rugby union referee
• Lucy Ayoub (born 1992), Israeli television presenter, poet and radio host
• M. M. Ayoub, Egyptian professor of industrial engineering
• Mouna Ayoub (born 1957), French socialite and businesswoman of Lebanese origin
• Nadeen Ayoub (born 1998), Palestinian model and beauty pageant titleholder
• Nawal Ayoub, Colombian beauty queen of Lebanese ancestry
• Sam Ayoub, Australian rugby league player-manager
• Samiha Ayoub (1932–2025), Egyptian actress
• Serge Ayoub (born 1964), French activist of Lebanese descent associated with the French extreme right
• Souheil Ayoub (1936–2025), Lebanese fencer
• Susanne Ayoub (born 1956), Austrian-Iraqi writer, journalist and filmmaker
• Wadi Ayoub (1927–1976), Lebanese Greco–Roman style wrestler best known as Sheik Ali, in Australia and internationally
• Yassin Ayoub (born 1994), Moroccan-Dutch footballer
• Salahuddin Ayyub (1138–1193), Sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty, Liberator of Jerusalem. Kurdish-Syrian(Levant) descent

• Ali Abdullah Ayyoub (born 1952), Syrian politician, senior Syrian Arab Army officer
• Habib Ayyoub (born 1947), Algerian writer
• Loay Ayyoub (born 1993 or 1994)
• Tareq Ayyoub (1968–2003), Palestinian Arab television reporter