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| Douiret | |
|---|---|
| Chninni | |
| Native to | Tunisia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | doui1234 |
| 👁 Image Berber-speaking areas belonging to Kossmann's "Tunisian-Zuwara" dialectal group | |
Douiret (also called Douiri) is a Berber language variety spoken in Douiret in the southern part of mainland Tunisia.[1][2][3] Like all other varieties of Tunisian Berber, it is also referred to as Shilha. It is closely related to the Berber variety of Chenini.[1]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | phar. | plain | phar. | plain | phar. | plain | lab. | ||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | t | tˤ | tʃ | k | (kʷ) | q | ||||||
| voiced | b | d | dˤ | dʒ | g | (ɡʷ) | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fˤ | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | x | ħ | h | |||
| voiced | ð | ðˤ | z | zˤ | ʒ | ɣ | (ɣʷ) | ʕ | |||||
| Nasal | m | mˤ | n | nˤ | |||||||||
| Lateral | l | lˤ | |||||||||||
| Trill | r | rˤ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||||||||
- Most consonant sounds may also have geminated variants as [Cː].
- Pharyngeal sounds /fˤ, mˤ, dˤ, zˤ, rˤ, nˤ, lˤ/ are mostly heard as allophonic variants of /f, m, d, z, r, n, l/ within intervocalic and pharyngeal positions.
- Sounds /t, k/ may have aspirated allophones of [tʰ, kʰ] when in word-final and pre-consonantal positions.
- /k, ɡ, ɣ/ may also have labialized allophones as [kʷ, ɡʷ, ɣʷ].[1]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | (e) | (o) |
| Low | a |
| Phoneme | Allophones | Rules |
|---|---|---|
| /i/ | [i] | elsewhere |
| [iː] | in word-final position or within monosyllabic words | |
| [ɪ] | when preceding geminated consonants | |
| /a/ | [a] | elsewhere |
| [aː] | in word-initial position when preceding a consonant | |
| [æ] | in word-initial position or when following pharyngealized consonants | |
| [e] | when preceding geminated consonants | |
| [eː] | when following pharyngealized consonants in word-final positions | |
| /u/ | [u] | elsewhere |
| [uː] | in word-final position or within monosyllabic words | |
| [ʊ] | when preceding geminated consonants | |
| [o] | when preceding pharyngealized consonants | |
| [oː] | when following pharyngealized consonants in word-final positions |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Gabsi, Zouhir (2003). An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia). Sydney: University of Western Sydney.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ Gabsi, Zouhir (2011). "Attrition and maintenance of the Berber language in Tunisia". Journal International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2011 (211): 135–164. doi:10.1515/ijsl.2011.041.
- ^ Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb (2013). "Tunisia". In Steven Danver (ed.). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures, and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 688–689.