The capital of Maine was Le Mans. In the thirteenth century it was annexed by France to the royal domain.

• Charivius (fl. 723) – appears as dux in a document of 723. Controlled twelve counties and the Diocese of Le Mans
• Grifo (748–749) – given the twelve counties of Maine by his brother, Pepin the Short, as appeasement, but rebelled the next year.
• Charles the Younger (790–811) – given the ducatus Cenomannicus to govern by his father, Charlemagne.
• Lothair I (817–831) – given the ducatus as part of a division of the realm by his father, Louis the Pious.
• Pepin I (831–838) – given the ducatus as part of a re-division of the realm by his father, Louis the Pious.
• Charles the Bald (838–851) – given the ducatus on the death of Pepin by their father, Louis the Pious.
• Robert the Strong (851/3–856) – given Maine, Anjou, and Touraine as dux and missus dominicus. Rebelled in 856.
• Louis the Stammerer (856–858) – granted the twelve counties and a court at Le Mans by his father, Charles the Bald, until chased away by Breton rebels.

• Banzleibs (fl. 830s)
• Rorgon I (832–839)
• Gauzbert (839–849)
• Rorgon II (849–865)
• Gauzfrid (865–878)
• Reginald (878–885)
• Roger (886–893)
• Gauzlin II (893–895)
• Roger (restored) (895–900)
• Hugh I (900–950)
• Hugh II (950–992)
• Hugh III (992–1015)
• Herbert I Wakedog (1015–1032)
• Hugh IV (1036–1051)
• under Angevin rule (1051–1063)
  • Herbert II (1058–1062)
• Walter of Mantes (1062–1063)
  • Robert Curthose (1063–1069)
• Hugh V (1069–1093)
• Elias I (1093–1110), in opposition
• Eremburga and Fulk V of Anjou (1110–1126), in opposition
• Geoffrey of Anjou (1126–1151)
• Elias II (1151)
• Henry II of England (1151–1189)
  • Henry the Young King (1169–1183)
• Richard the Lionheart (1189–1199)
• John Lackland (1199–1204)
  • Arthur I, Duke of Brittany pretender (1199–1203)
• annexed by France in 1204
• John Tristan (1219–1232)
• Charles I (1246–1285)
• Charles II (1285–1290)
• Charles III (1290–1314)
  • Margaret (1290–1299), Countess suo jure
• Philip VI of France (1314–1328)
• royal domain in 1328
• John II of France (1332–1350)
• royal domain in 1350 - 1356
• Louis I (1356–1360)
• Louis II (1384–1417)
• Louis III (1417–1434)
• Charles IV (1434–1472)
• Charles V (1480–1481)
• royal domain
• Charles VI (?–1611)
• Henry (1611–1621)
• Charles VII (1621–1631)
• Ferdinand (1631–1632)
• Charles VIII (1632–?)
• royal domain

In 1673, the title began to be used again. It was revived by Louis XIV for his first illegitimate son by his chief mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. He used it until his death and also founded the semi-royal house of Bourbon du Maine, named after his title.

• Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine (1673–1736)