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Standards and procedures intended to protect from the damaging effects of electricity
For building electrical codes/regulation, see Electrical code.
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Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.

History

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The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHA[1] promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility.[2] In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.[3]

  • Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations

Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.[4][5]

Lightning and earthing protection

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Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.[6]

Earthing protection systems

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Main article: Earthing systems
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πŸ‘ Image
TT earthing system
  • TT system
  • TN system
  • IT system[7]

Lightning protection systems

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This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards, as this needs fleshing out with supporting text. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (October 2024)
  • lightning rod (simple rod or with triggering system)
  • lightning rod with taut wires.
  • lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)

Physiological effects of electricity

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Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage.[8] The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.[9]

πŸ‘ Image
Electric shock graph
  • Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
  • Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection[10]

Electrical safety conductors

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Electrical safety standards

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Lightning protection standards

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Electronics and communications

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Electronic products safety standards

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The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.

Communication and high frequency safety standards

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Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency.

See also

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External links

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Gallery

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References

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  1. ^ Controlling electrical hazard
  2. ^ Brainfilter.com
  3. ^ ESFI
  4. ^ The history of electrical safety
  5. ^ "A Guide to the 2023 National Electrical Safety Code - IEEE Spectrum". IEEE. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  6. ^ http://www.electrical-knowhow.com
  7. ^ Electrical installations
  8. ^ Physiological Effects of Electricity
  9. ^ Electrical injuries
  10. ^ electrical-installation.org
  11. ^ Australian Electrical Standards
  12. ^ "Brazilian National Standard Page". Archived from the original on 2018-10-09. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  13. ^ "BDS Official webpage". Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  14. ^ CCC Certification
  15. ^ "Norme NF C 15-100 : norme installation Γ©lectrique". France Electric (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  16. ^ https://www.tuev-nord.de
  17. ^ Indian standard
  18. ^ Bezpieczenstwo-uzytkowania-i-funkcjonalne
  19. ^ ΠΠΠ¦Π˜ΠžΠΠΠ›Π¬ΠΠ«Π™ БВАНДАРВ Π ΠžΠ‘Π‘Π˜Π™Π‘ΠšΠžΠ™ Π€Π•Π”Π•Π ΠΠ¦Π˜Π˜ БистСма стандартов бСзопасности Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°
  20. ^ British standard
  21. ^ "OSHA Electrical Standards". OSHA. Archived from the original on 2024-12-26. Retrieved 2025-02-02.
  22. ^ http://www.metlabs.com
  23. ^ "Electronic products safety standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  24. ^ http://www.metlabs.com
  25. ^ High Frequency Radiation and Human Exposure Mahmoud M. Dawoud
  26. ^ "Radio frequency safety standards". Archived from the original on 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  27. ^ Π“ΠžΠ‘Π’
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