Fyodor, Fedor (Russian: Фёдор) or Feodor is the Russian-language form of the Greek-language name Theodoros (Greek: Θεόδωρος) meaning "God's gift" or "god-given". Fedora (Федора) is the feminine form. "Fyodor" and "Fedor" are two English transliterations of the same Russian name. It may also be a surname.

Notable people with the name include:

• Feodor I of Russia (1557–1598), Tsar
• Feodor II of Russia (1605), Tsar
• Feodor III of Russia (1661–1682), Tsar
• Fyodor of Kiev (fl. 14th century)
• Fyodor Rostislavich, also known as Duke Theodore Rostislavich, Fyodor the Black or Fyodor Chermny (c.1230s – d. 1298), a royal saint of the Russian Orthodox Church

• Feodor Kuzmich, a.k.a. the Righteous Theodore of Tomsk (died 1864), Russian Orthodox starets

• Fedor Andreev (born 1982), Russian / Canadian figure skater
• Fedor von Bock (1880–1945), German field marshal of World War II
• Fedor Rodichev (1854–1933), Russian politician and lawyer
• Fedor Emelianenko (born 1976), Russian mixed martial arts fighter
• Fedor Flašík (1958–2024), Slovak political marketer
• Fedor Flinzer (1832–1911), German illustrator
• Fedor den Hertog (1946–2011), Dutch cyclist
• Fedor Klimov (born 1990), Russian skater
• Fedor Tyutin (born 1983), Russian ice hockey player

• Feodor Chaliapin (1873–1938), Russian opera singer
• Feodor Vassilyev (1707–1782), whose first wife holds the record for most babies born to one woman

• Fjodor Xhafa (born 1977), Albanian football player

• Fyodor Bondarchuk (born 1967), Russian film director, actor, producer, clipmaker, TV host
• Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), Russian novelist of works including Crime and Punishment
• Fyodor Glinka (1786–1880), Russian poet
• Fyodor Khitruk (1917–2012), Russian animator and animation director
• Fyodor Korsh [ru], Russian impressario, founder of the Korsh Theatre, Moscow
• Fyodor Makhnov (1878–1912), "The Russian Giant"
• Fyodor Smolov (born 1990), Russian footballer
• Fyodor Tertitskiy (born 1988), Russian-born South Korean historian
• Fyodor Tyutchev (1803–1873), Russian poet
• Fyodor Ushakov (1745–1817), Russian naval commander
• Fyodor Zakharov (1919–1994), Ukrainian painter

• Matreya Fedor (born 1997), Canadian actress
• Nicolas Fedor
• Silviu Feodor [ro], Romanian politician, member of parliament since 2020

• Lennart Eriksson (born 1956), known by the nickname Fjodor, Swedish musician, bass guitarist of Swedish punk rock band Ebba Grön
• Gordon Lyon, also known by his pseudonym Fyodor Vaskovich, American network security expert and author

• Fyodor Vostrikov or father Fyodor [ru], a character from The Twelve Chairs, a 1928 Russian picaresque novel
• Uncle Fyodor [ru], nickname of a boy, a character created by Eduard Uspensky first appeared in Uncle Fedya, His Dog, and His Cat, later in the Russian animated film series about events in Prostokvashino
• Fedya, the hoodlum from the first novella of the 1965 Soviet film Operation Y and Shurik's Other Adventures

• FEDOR, a humanoid robot
• Feodor (German children's TV series), a German animated children's series in 1997 about a fox named Feodor.

• Fyodorov
• Fedir
• Feodora