| Myanmar passport နိုင်ငံကူးလက်မှတ် | |
|---|---|
| 👁 Image Front cover of an ordinary Myanmar passport | |
| 👁 Image Biometric data page | |
| Type | Passport |
| Issued by | 👁 Myanmar Ministry of Home Affairs 👁 Myanmar Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| First issued | 1948 (first version) April 2010 (machine-readable passport) 2025 (enhanced security features) |
| Purpose | Identification and international travel |
| Eligibility | Myanmar citizenship |
| Expiration | 5 years |
| Cost | Ks 45,000 |
The Myanmar passport is the passport issued to citizens of Myanmar, formerly Burma, for the purpose of international travel.
Offices
[edit]In 2014, authorities opened new passport-issuing centres in Myanmar in addition to the existing two offices in Yangon and Mandalay. The new offices were opened in each of the seven states and seven regions of Myanmar, and also in the country's capital Naypyidaw.[1]
In 2022, a new QR code system was introduced as a requirement for applicants. The system was taken offline in December 2022. Many passport applicants now rely on brokers who charge different prices for faster appointment dates. Overseas embassies often require applicants to visit in person to schedule appointments, placing burdens on applicants in foreign cities without an embassy or consulate.[2]
Types
[edit]In April 2010, the Myanmar passport was upgraded from a handwritten format to a machine-readable passport (MRP) compliant with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. This modernisation brought the passport in line with international norms for automated border processing.[3]
There are three types of passport issued primarily by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Government officials are issued with a green passport. Diplomats are issued with a blue passport. All other citizens receive a red passport.[4] The red passport is valid for 5 years and the green passport for 3 years.[5]
| Cover colour | Type | Issued to | Validity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red | Ordinary passport | All eligible citizens | 5 years |
| Green | Official passport | Government officials | Varies |
| Blue | Diplomatic passport | Diplomats and senior officials | Varies |
In 2016, the Ministry of Home Affairs announced that nine types of passports in different colours would be issued to Myanmar citizens. The nine types are:
- PB – Business passport
- PT – Dependent passport
- PJ – Job passport
- PR – Religious passport
- PS – Seaman passport
- PE – Student passport
- PV – Visit passport
- PD – Diplomatic passport
- PO – Official passport
The three most common types issued are PV, PS, and PJ passports. PJ passport holders have been required to present an additional Overseas Worker Identification Card since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.[2]
Passport information
[edit]Identity information page
[edit]The Myanmar passport includes the following data:
- Photo of passport holder
- Type
- Country code
- Passport number
- Name
- Nationality
- Date of birth
- Sex
- Place of birth
- Date of issue
- Date of expiry
- Authority (issuing passport)
- Holder's signature
The information page ends with the machine-readable zone.
The passport does not include a given or last name section, as Burmese names do not typically have a serial structure or patronymic/matronymic names.[6]
Languages
[edit]The data page is printed in English.
The passport is printed in English and Burmese.
Visa requirements
[edit]In 2019, Myanmar citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 46 countries and territories, ranking the Myanmar passport 95th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index. The political consequences of the coup have also affected the passport's international standing. The number of visa-free destinations available to Myanmar passport holders declined from 46 in 2019 to 43 by February 2026, according to the Henley Passport Index.[7]
From 1 October 2025 onwards, Myanmar ordinary passport holders can travel to ASEAN member countries without a visa for tourism purposes. They are permitted to enter and remain in those countries for not more than 14 days without a visa, except for Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam, which permit a stay of up to 30 days. There are some Central Asian and African countries that permit a stay without a visa.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
Visa on arrival for Myanmar citizens is available in the Maldives and Macau, while an eVisa is available to enter India and some other countries.[14][15] The Transit Without Visa (TWOV) is applicable at KLIA and KLIA2 airport for Myanmar citizens holding ordinary passports for a maximum of 120 hours' stopover in Malaysia.[16]
Former passports
[edit]Prior to Burmese independence in 1948, British Indian passports were issued to residents of Burma when it was part of the British Raj.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ "Myanmar Govt Opens 15 New Passport Issuing Offices". Myanmar Business Today. 10 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ a b Aung Naing (10 February 2023). "As many head for the exits, Myanmar junta slams door on hopes for better life abroad". Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ Kyaw Hsu Mon (1 April 2015). "Home Affairs Ministry to Overhaul Burmese Passports". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "9 types of passports to be issued for Myanmar citizens". Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "Online passport applications temporarily suspended". Mizzima. 7 December 2022.
- ^ Khaing, Mi Mi (February 1958). "Burmese Names: A Guide". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008.
- ^ a b "Henley Passport Index – Myanmar". Henley & Partners. 3 February 2026. Retrieved 3 February 2026.
- ^ "List of Countries Having Bilateral Visa Exemption Agreements with Myanmar" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar Get Visa-Free Entry to Indonesia". PATA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ "Vietnam Waives Visa Requirement for Burmese Travelers". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ "Visa-free deal signed with Cambodia". The Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Myanmar, Indonesia hammer out visa-free agreement". TTG Asia. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ "PHL-Myanmar agreement on visa exemption takes effect on January 4, 2014". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ "A thirty day free visa is issued on arrival for all Nationalities". Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "e-Visa Facility is available for nationals of following countries/territories". Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "Transit Without Visa (TWOV), Malaysia". Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "Dominions 1931–1947". Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
