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| Napeca | |
|---|---|
| Nape, Napeka | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | Bolivia–Brazil border area |
| Ethnicity | Napeca |
| Extinct | after 1965 unknown rememberers (2013)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | nape1237 |
Napeca (Nape, Napeka) is an extinct Chapacuran language. The Napeca people were said to have spoken the same language as those who spoke Quitemoca,[3] and is thought to be a dialect of the same language as Quitemoca.[1] Jürgen Riester documented the language in the 1960s, and recorded some samples.[4][5]
Morphology
[edit]Pronouns
[edit]| Napeka | Gloss |
|---|---|
| huaľa | 1SG |
| abum | 2SG |
| arikó | 3SG |
| huaľa | 1PL |
| ariko-roma | 2SG |
| ariko | 3PL |
Adjectives
[edit]The suffix -ya is sometimes attached after an adjective to indicate the first person singular (e.g. nahuiza-ya 'I am well', literally "healthy-I"); the same construction is present for the second person singular (e.g. nauiza-bum 'you are well', literally "healthy-you").
Negation
[edit]Negation is expressed in Napeka by the infix -za-.
| Napeka | Gloss | Napeka | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| mbeb-ya | I go | mbeb-za-ya | I do not go |
| urupa-yapae tomima | I understand your language | aipíi-za-yapae tomima | I do not understand your language |
Vocabulary
[edit]| Napeka | Gloss |
|---|---|
| miya | no |
| homa, emme | there is |
| kammiya | there is not |
| kiñam | jaguar |
| ako | water |
| isze | fire |
| kotkot | chicha |
| mapiitio | sun |
| činmak | earth |
Sample phrases
[edit]| Napeka | Gloss |
|---|---|
| či-aguîn | in the sky/in heaven |
| birita | this morning |
| xupini akkom | it is raining |
| pixiumhará | sit down |
| imačitiakom tete aiči | I like God |
| birita mbebya | I went this morning |
| pitiama mbeb-ta-ya | I will go tomorrow |
| huaľa čiaguin huaľa-yukon tete aiči | I will go to heaven with God |
| kamma | Go! |
| kamma iguirayum, makipi pitiapara | Go to your house and return quickly |
| maľa mauma | Where are you going? |
| maia-ñipa apakka | let's get out of here |
| kači-bi čuyum | What is your name? |
| homa te aiči | Is there a God? |
| kači bubiroma | What are you looking for? |
| tete aiči homa či-aiguîn | God is in heaven |
| kači amatutumpa abín činmak | Who created heaven and the earth? |
| imačitiapae bikači | I want a knife |
| tete aiči amatutumpa | God created it |
| maya homako tete aiči | Where is God? |
| kači totomima huakaiña | What are you saying? |
| paniapat mmoko tete ayu | My father died yesterday |
| nauizabum | How are you? |
| kači imačitma | What do you want? |
| xurua apiakon kiñam čiñomiu | I killed a jaguar with the arrow |
| imačitiakon ixam | I want some fish |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Danielsen, Swintha (January 2013). "Evaluating historical data (wordlists) in the case of bolivian extinct languages". STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 66 (3). doi:10.1524/stuf.2013.0014. ISSN 2196-7148.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.2 - Napeca". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
- ^ Steward, Julian Haynes, ed. (1946). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 3. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 397.
- ^ "Paunaka language archive | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.2 - Jürgen Riester 1965". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
- ^ a b c Créqui-Montfort, Georges de; Rivet, Paul (1913). "Linguistique bolivienne. La famille linguistique Čapakura". Journal de la société des américanistes. 10 (1): 119–171. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2851.
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