The surgeon general of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the surgeon general (TSG) serves as commanding general, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd surgeon general, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent surgeon general is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre.

As a commanding general, TSG provides advice and assistance to the chief of staff, Army (CSA) and to the secretary of the Army (SECARMY) on all health care matters pertaining to the U.S. Army and its military health care system. The incumbent is responsible for development, policy direction, organization and overall management of an integrated Army-wide health service system and is the medical materiel developer for the Army. These duties include formulating policy regulations on health service support, health hazard assessment and the establishment of health standards. TSG is assisted by the deputy surgeon general.

Congress established the Medical Service of the Continental Army on July 27, 1775, and placed a "chief physician & director general" of the Continental Army as its head. The first five surgeons general of the U.S. Army served under this title. An Act of Congress of May 28, 1789, established a "physician general" of the U.S. Army. Only two physicians, doctors Richard Allison and James Craik, served under this nomenclature. A congressional act of March 3, 1813, cited the "physician & surgeon general" of the U.S. Army. That nomenclature remained in place until the Medical Department was established by the Reorganization Act of April 14, 1818. Additionally, physicians assigned to the U.S. Army were not accorded military rank until 1847.

• Note: The AMEDD Museum at Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, has a display on the Army Surgeons General, including images of each one, except for Richard Allison.

• Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX)
• Borden Institute
• U.S. Army Medical Information Technology Center (USAMITC)
• Army Human Research Protections Office (AHRPO)
• Pharmacovigilance Center

• Library of the Surgeon General's Office, now the National Library of Medicine
• Medical Corps (United States Army)
• Surgeon General of the United States
• Surgeon General of the United States Navy
• Surgeon General of the United States Air Force

• Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097027. LCCN 03023852. OCLC 558132723.
• Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army: from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/mdp.39015008097035. OCLC 1062849539.

• Heitman, Francis B. (1903), Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903; Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2 vol. (Vol. 1, pp 41–42 details the Medical Department.)

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• OTSG Portal
• Surgeon General Consultant Program^{[dead link]}
• The Surgeons General of the U.S. Army and Their Predecessors at the Office of Medical History, OTSG Website
• Works by or about Surgeon General of the United States Army at the Internet Archive
• Works by Surgeon General of the United States Army at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) 👁 Image