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Vermont (/vərˈmɒnt/ ^ⓘ) is a landlocked state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. According to the most recent U.S. census estimates, the state has an estimated population of 648,493, making it the second-least populated of all U.S. states. It is the nation's sixth-smallest state by total area. The state's capital of Montpelier is the least populous U.S. state capital. No other U.S. state has a most populous city with fewer residents than Burlington.

Native Americans have inhabited the area for about 12,000 years. The competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter. During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of New France. Conflict arose when the Kingdom of Great Britain began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast; France was defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years' War, ceding its territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British Thirteen Colonies disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers. Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic abolished slavery before any other U.S. state. It was admitted to the Union in 1791 as the 14th state.

The geography of the state is marked by the Green Mountains, which run north–south up the middle of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River Valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and conifers. The state has warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. (Full article...)

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Detail of a 1780 map showing the area around Fort Ticonderoga; "Huberton" can be seen southeast of the fort.

The Battle of Hubbardton was an engagement in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought in the village of Hubbardton, Vermont. Vermont was then a disputed territory sometimes called the New Hampshire Grants, claimed by New York, New Hampshire, and the newly organized, not yet recognized, but de facto independent government of Vermont. On the morning of July 7, 1777, British forces, under General Simon Fraser, caught up with the American rear guard of the forces retreating after the withdrawal from Fort Ticonderoga. It was the only battle in Vermont during the revolution. (The Battle of Bennington was fought in what is now Walloomsac, New York.)

The American retreat from Fort Ticonderoga began late on July 5 after British cannons were seen on top of high ground, Mount Defiance (a.k.a. Rattlesnake Mountain and Sugar Loaf Hill) that commanded the fort. The bulk of General Arthur St. Clair's army retreated through Hubbardton to Castleton, while the rear guard, commanded by Seth Warner, stopped at Hubbardton to rest and pick up stragglers. (Full article...)

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Calvin Coolidge Adiantum viridimontanum Chester A. Arthur Steamtown, U.S.A. Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar List of counties in Vermont List of colleges and universities in Vermont Matthew Lyon Bellows Falls station Ralph Flanders Charles Mattocks Morgan horse Phish Joseph Smith Vermont Route 44 2014 Vermont gubernatorial election Ethan Allen

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Governor Thomas Chittenden (presumed likeness)

Thomas Chittenden (January 6, 1730 – August 25, 1797) was an American politician from Vermont, who was a leader of the territory for nearly two decades. He was the state's first and third governor, serving from 1778 to 1789—when it was a largely unrecognized independent state now called the Vermont Republic—and again from 1790 until his death. Vermont was admitted to the Union in 1791 as its 14th state. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various Vermont-related articles on Wikipedia.

👁 Image 1Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed. (from Vermont)

Image 1Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 2Fall foliage seen from Hogback Mountain, Wilmington (from Vermont)

Image 2Fall foliage seen from Hogback Mountain, Wilmington (from Vermont)
👁 Image 3The former Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, in Vernon (from Vermont)

Image 3The former Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, in Vernon (from Vermont)
👁 Image 4The West Dummerston Bridge, the longest covered bridge in Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 4The West Dummerston Bridge, the longest covered bridge in Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 5Fall foliage at Lake Willoughby (from Vermont)

Image 5Fall foliage at Lake Willoughby (from Vermont)
👁 Image 6Fall foliage seen from Hogback Mountain, Wilmington (from Vermont)

Image 6Fall foliage seen from Hogback Mountain, Wilmington (from Vermont)
👁 Image 7Autumn in Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 7Autumn in Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 81791 Act of Congress admitting Vermont into the Union (from Vermont)

Image 81791 Act of Congress admitting Vermont into the Union (from Vermont)
👁 Image 9The hermit thrush, the state bird of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 9The hermit thrush, the state bird of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 10The Cumberland ice-breaking ferry headed toward Grand Isle in winter (from Vermont)

Image 10The Cumberland ice-breaking ferry headed toward Grand Isle in winter (from Vermont)
👁 Image 11Population density of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 11Population density of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 12Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed. (from Vermont)

Image 12Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 13Lake Champlain (from Vermont)

Image 13Lake Champlain (from Vermont)
👁 Image 14Vellum manuscript of the Constitution of Vermont, 1777. This constitution was amended in 1786, and again in 1793, two years after Vermont's admission to the federal union in 1791. See Constitution of Vermont (1777) and Constitution of Vermont. (from History of Vermont)

Image 14Vellum manuscript of the Constitution of Vermont, 1777. This constitution was amended in 1786, and again in 1793, two years after Vermont's admission to the federal union in 1791. See Constitution of Vermont (1777) and Constitution of Vermont. (from History of Vermont)
👁 Image 15Population density of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 15Population density of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 16Autumn in Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 16Autumn in Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 17Map of Vermont showing cities, roads, and rivers (from Vermont)

Image 17Map of Vermont showing cities, roads, and rivers (from Vermont)
👁 Image 18Stowe Resort Village (from Vermont)

Image 18Stowe Resort Village (from Vermont)
👁 Image 19Lake Champlain (from Vermont)

Image 19Lake Champlain (from Vermont)
👁 Image 20Köppen climate types of Vermont, using 1991–2020 climate normals (from Vermont)

Image 20Köppen climate types of Vermont, using 1991–2020 climate normals (from Vermont)
👁 Image 21Vermont's license plate (from Vermont)

Image 21Vermont's license plate (from Vermont)
👁 Image 22Vermont towns hold a March town meeting for voters to approve the town's budget and decide other matters. Marlboro voters meet in this building. (from Vermont)

Image 22Vermont towns hold a March town meeting for voters to approve the town's budget and decide other matters. Marlboro voters meet in this building. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 23Vermont Route 17 in Addison with Snake Mountain at right (from Vermont)

Image 23Vermont Route 17 in Addison with Snake Mountain at right (from Vermont)
👁 Image 24The University of Vermont's Old Mill, the oldest campus building (from Vermont)

Image 24The University of Vermont's Old Mill, the oldest campus building (from Vermont)
👁 Image 25Lyndon Institute, a non-profit high school in Lyndon with both day and boarding students. (from Vermont)

Image 25Lyndon Institute, a non-profit high school in Lyndon with both day and boarding students. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 26Western face of Camel's Hump Mountain (elevation 4,079 feet; 1,243 m) (from Vermont)

Image 26Western face of Camel's Hump Mountain (elevation 4,079 feet; 1,243 m) (from Vermont)
👁 Image 271791 Act of Congress admitting Vermont into the Union (from Vermont)

Image 271791 Act of Congress admitting Vermont into the Union (from Vermont)
👁 Image 28Lyndon Institute, a non-profit high school in Lyndon with both day and boarding students. (from Vermont)

Image 28Lyndon Institute, a non-profit high school in Lyndon with both day and boarding students. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 29A c.1775 flag used by the Green Mountain Boys (from Vermont)

Image 29A c.1775 flag used by the Green Mountain Boys (from Vermont)
👁 Image 30The University of Vermont's Old Mill, the oldest campus building (from Vermont)

Image 30The University of Vermont's Old Mill, the oldest campus building (from Vermont)
👁 Image 31The Ethan Allen Express alongside the Island Line Trail in Burlington (from Vermont)

Image 31The Ethan Allen Express alongside the Island Line Trail in Burlington (from Vermont)
👁 Image 32The gold leaf dome of the neoclassical Vermont State House (Capitol) in Montpelier (from Vermont)

Image 32The gold leaf dome of the neoclassical Vermont State House (Capitol) in Montpelier (from Vermont)
👁 Image 33Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 33Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 34Köppen climate types of Vermont, using 1991–2020 climate normals (from Vermont)

Image 34Köppen climate types of Vermont, using 1991–2020 climate normals (from Vermont)
👁 Image 35Mount Mansfield, at 4,393 feet (1,339 m), is the highest-elevation point in Vermont. Other high points are Killington Peak, Mount Ellen, Mount Abraham, and Camel's Hump. The lowest point in the state is Lake Champlain at 95 feet (29 m). The state's average elevation is 1,000 feet (300 m). (from History of Vermont)

Image 35Mount Mansfield, at 4,393 feet (1,339 m), is the highest-elevation point in Vermont. Other high points are Killington Peak, Mount Ellen, Mount Abraham, and Camel's Hump. The lowest point in the state is Lake Champlain at 95 feet (29 m). The state's average elevation is 1,000 feet (300 m). (from History of Vermont)
👁 Image 36The Ethan Allen Express alongside the Island Line Trail in Burlington (from Vermont)

Image 36The Ethan Allen Express alongside the Island Line Trail in Burlington (from Vermont)
👁 Image 37Watercolor of Abenaki couple, 1700s (from Vermont)

Image 37Watercolor of Abenaki couple, 1700s (from Vermont)
👁 Three older men on a stage next to an American flag. (from Vermont)

Image 38Senators Bernie Sanders and Patrick Leahy and Representative Peter Welch greet supporters in 2017.
👁 Image 39The flag of the Green Mountain Boys (from History of Vermont)

Image 39The flag of the Green Mountain Boys (from History of Vermont)
👁 Image 40Western face of Camel's Hump Mountain (elevation 4,079 feet; 1,243 m) (from Vermont)

Image 40Western face of Camel's Hump Mountain (elevation 4,079 feet; 1,243 m) (from Vermont)
👁 Image 41Mount Mansfield (from Vermont)

Image 41Mount Mansfield (from Vermont)
👁 Image 42The West Dummerston Bridge, the longest covered bridge in Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 42The West Dummerston Bridge, the longest covered bridge in Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 43Mount Mansfield (from Vermont)

Image 43Mount Mansfield (from Vermont)
👁 Image 44The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777 (from Vermont)

Image 44The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777 (from Vermont)
👁 Image 45Vermontasaurus sculpture in Post Mills, in 2010 (from Vermont)

Image 45Vermontasaurus sculpture in Post Mills, in 2010 (from Vermont)
👁 Image 46Watercolor of Abenaki couple, 1700s (from Vermont)

Image 46Watercolor of Abenaki couple, 1700s (from Vermont)
👁 Image 47The gold leaf dome of the neoclassical Vermont State House (Capitol) in Montpelier (from Vermont)

Image 47The gold leaf dome of the neoclassical Vermont State House (Capitol) in Montpelier (from Vermont)
👁 Image 48The Vermont Supreme Court's building in Montpelier (from Vermont)

Image 48The Vermont Supreme Court's building in Montpelier (from Vermont)
👁 Image 49A c.1775 flag used by the Green Mountain Boys (from Vermont)

Image 49A c.1775 flag used by the Green Mountain Boys (from Vermont)
👁 Image 50Vermont towns hold a March town meeting for voters to approve the town's budget and decide other matters. Marlboro voters meet in this building. (from Vermont)

Image 50Vermont towns hold a March town meeting for voters to approve the town's budget and decide other matters. Marlboro voters meet in this building. (from Vermont)
👁 Image 51The Vermont Supreme Court's building in Montpelier (from Vermont)

Image 51The Vermont Supreme Court's building in Montpelier (from Vermont)
👁 Image 52Map of Vermont showing cities, roads, and rivers (from Vermont)

Image 52Map of Vermont showing cities, roads, and rivers (from Vermont)
👁 Image 53Vermont Route 17 in Addison with Snake Mountain at right (from Vermont)

Image 53Vermont Route 17 in Addison with Snake Mountain at right (from Vermont)
👁 Image 54The former Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, in Vernon (from Vermont)

Image 54The former Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, in Vernon (from Vermont)
👁 Image 55Edward F. Knapp State Airport in Berlin (from Vermont)

Image 55Edward F. Knapp State Airport in Berlin (from Vermont)
👁 Image 56The hermit thrush, the state bird of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 56The hermit thrush, the state bird of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 57Vermont's license plate (from Vermont)

Image 57Vermont's license plate (from Vermont)
👁 Image 58Vermontasaurus sculpture in Post Mills, in 2010 (from Vermont)

Image 58Vermontasaurus sculpture in Post Mills, in 2010 (from Vermont)
👁 Image 59Edward F. Knapp State Airport in Berlin (from Vermont)

Image 59Edward F. Knapp State Airport in Berlin (from Vermont)
👁 Image 60Fall foliage at Lake Willoughby (from Vermont)

Image 60Fall foliage at Lake Willoughby (from Vermont)
👁 Image 61The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777 (from Vermont)

Image 61The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777 (from Vermont)
👁 Image 62Stowe Resort Village (from Vermont)

Image 62Stowe Resort Village (from Vermont)
👁 Image 63MVRTD's "The Bus" in Rutland (from Vermont)

Image 63MVRTD's "The Bus" in Rutland (from Vermont)
👁 Image 64Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Vermont (from Vermont)

Image 64Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Vermont (from Vermont)
👁 Image 65MVRTD's "The Bus" in Rutland (from Vermont)

Image 65MVRTD's "The Bus" in Rutland (from Vermont)
👁 Image 66The Cumberland ice-breaking ferry headed toward Grand Isle in winter (from Vermont)

Image 66The Cumberland ice-breaking ferry headed toward Grand Isle in winter (from Vermont)
👁 Three older men on a stage next to an American flag. (from Vermont)

Image 67Senators Bernie Sanders and Patrick Leahy and Representative Peter Welch greet supporters in 2017.
👁 Image 68The gold leaf dome of the Vermont State House in Montpelier is visible for many miles around the city. This is the third State House on the site, and like the second, was built in the Greek Revival architectural style. It was completed in 1857. Montpelier became the state capital in 1805. (from History of Vermont)

Image 68The gold leaf dome of the Vermont State House in Montpelier is visible for many miles around the city. This is the third State House on the site, and like the second, was built in the Greek Revival architectural style. It was completed in 1857. Montpelier became the state capital in 1805. (from History of Vermont)

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... that the departure of Carl Borgmann from the University of Vermont ended 17 years of scientists serving consecutive terms as president?
... that Bradley Smalley, the political boss of the Vermont Democratic Party, once received the Republican nomination for alderman?
... that the Montreal Canadiens hockey team threatened to force a Vermont TV station to stop airing Boston Bruins games?
... that Joe Shield was the first person from Vermont to be drafted into the NFL and then make a team's roster?
... that photographer Peter Miller stated in 2014 that the "Vermont Way" of grumbling and every so often remembering that "we live in beauty" was "coming to an end"?
... that Vermont politician William Baxter personally funded the construction of an Orleans County school, provided that the second floor was used for religious purposes?

Topics

v t e State of Vermont
Montpelier (capital)
Regions	Champlain Valley Green Mountains Mount Mansfield Northeast Kingdom	👁 Image Seal of Vermont
Counties	Addison Bennington Caledonia Chittenden Essex Franklin Grand Isle Lamoille Orange Orleans Rutland Washington Windham Windsor
Cities	Barre Burlington (metropolitan area) Montpelier Newport Rutland St. Albans South Burlington Vergennes Winooski
Towns (pop. >5000)	Barre Bennington Brattleboro Colchester Essex Hartford Lyndon Jericho Middlebury Milton Morristown Northfield Rockingham Rutland Shelburne Springfield St. Albans St. Johnsbury Swanton Waterbury Williston
Festivals	Vermont State Fair Green Mountain Film Festival Strolling of the Heifers
Topics	Outline Climate change Flag Geography Mountains Government Constitution Delegations History People Symbols Tallest buildings Tourist attractions Vermont Republic coinage flag Stella quarta decima Villages
Society	Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics

Protected areas of Vermont

Federal

National Fish Hatcheries	Dwight D. Eisenhower White River
National Forests	Green Mountain
National Historical Parks	Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller
National Recreation Areas	Moosalamoo Robert T. Stafford White Rocks
National Trails	Appalachian North Country
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	Missisquoi River Trout River
National Wildlife Refuges	Missisquoi Silvio O. Conte
Other	National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks National Register of Historic Places Wilderness Areas

State

State Parks	Alburgh Dunes Allis Big Deer Bomoseen Boulder Beach Branbury Brighton Burton Island Button Bay Camel's Hump Camp Plymouth Coolidge Crystal Lake D.A.R. D & H Rail Trail Elmore Emerald Lake Fort Dummer Gifford Woods Grand Isle Green River Reservoir Half Moon Pond Hazen's Notch Jamaica Kamp Kill Kare Kettle Pond Kingsland Bay Knight Island Knight Point Lake Carmi Lake Shaftsbury Lake St. Catherine Litte River Lowell Lake Maidstone Molly Stark Molly's Falls Pond Mount Ascutney Mount Philo Muckross New Discovery Niquette Bay North Hero Quechee Ricker Pond Sand Bar Sentinel Rock Seyon Lodge Silver Lake Smugglers' Notch Stillwater Sweet Pond Taconic Mountains Ramble Thetford Hill Townshend Underhill Waterbury Center Wilgus Woodford Woods Island
State Forests	Aitken Arlington Black Turn Brook Boyer Calvin Coolidge Cambridge Camel's Hump Dorand Downer Granville Gulf Reservation Groton Hapgood Jay Jim Jeffords Jones Long Trail Lord Lower Clarendon Gorge Lyndon Mathewson Mollie Beattie Mount Carmel Mount Cushman Mount Mansfield Okemo Proctor-Piper Putnam Roxbury Rupert Thetford Hill Townshend Victory Washington West Rutland William C. Putnam Williams River Willoughby
Natural Areas	Amity Pond Big Falls of the Missisquoi Button Point Cambridge Camel's Hump Campmeeting Point Cascade Falls Daniel's Notch Emerald Lake Fisher-Scott Memorial Pines Gifford Woods Granville Gulf Hamilton Falls Hazen's Notch Highgate Cliffs Kingsland Bay Lake Carmi Bog Lords Hill Lucy Mallary Bugbee Marl Pond and Swamp Mendon Peak Morristown Bog Moss Glen Falls (Granville) Moss Glen Falls (Stowe) Mount Mansfield Peacham Bog Shrewsbury Peak Spectacle Pond Tabletop Mountain Terrible Mountain Tinker Brook Weybridge Cave Willoughby Cliffs Worcester Range

Private

Cities

Vermont has nine incorporated cities.

City populations (2010 Census)
City	Population
Burlington	42,417
South Burlington	17,904
Rutland	16,495
Barre	9,052
Montpelier	7,855
Winooski	7,267
St. Albans	6,918
Newport	5,005
Vergennes	2,741

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