Catalan
[edit]Verb
[edit]abstenir
- only used in s'... abstenir, syntactic variant of abstenir-se, infinitive of abstenir-se
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French abstenir, borrowed from Latin abstinēre (with conjugation adapted to French tenir), from abs + teneō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ap.stə.niʁ/
- Rhymes: -iʁ
Audio: (file) Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France): (file) Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
[edit]abstenir
- (pronominal) to abstain
Guy Miège, French-English Dictionary, 1688. "S'abstenir, to abstain, forbear or keep from. S'abstenir du vin & des femmes, to abstain from wine and women. Il ne put s'abstenir de la regarder, he could not forbear looking upon her."
Conjugation
[edit]This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start with one of these thematic vowels: -a-, -i-, -u-.
Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | abstenir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | abstenant /ap.stə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu /ap.stə.ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstient /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
abstenons /ap.stə.nɔ̃/ |
abstenez /ap.stə.ne/ |
abstiennent /ap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect | abstenais /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenais /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenait /ap.stə.nɛ/ |
abstenions /ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
absteniez /ap.stə.nje/ |
abstenaient /ap.stə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | abstins /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstins /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstint /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstînmes /ap.stɛ̃m/ |
abstîntes /ap.stɛ̃t/ |
abstinrent /ap.stɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | abstiendrai /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
abstiendras /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
abstiendra /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
abstiendrons /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
abstiendrez /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
abstiendront /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | abstiendrais /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrais /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrait /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
abstiendrions /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
abstiendriez /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
abstiendraient /ap.stjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstienne /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstiennes /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstienne /ap.stjɛn/ |
abstenions /ap.stə.njɔ̃/ |
absteniez /ap.stə.nje/ |
abstiennent /ap.stjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | abstinsse /ap.stɛ̃s/ |
abstinsses /ap.stɛ̃s/ |
abstînt /ap.stɛ̃/ |
abstinssions /ap.stɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
abstinssiez /ap.stɛ̃.sje/ |
abstinssent /ap.stɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | abstiens /ap.stjɛ̃/ |
— | abstenons /ap.stə.nɔ̃/ |
abstenez /ap.stə.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “abstenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Anagrams
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin abstineō, abstinēre, with conjugation adapted to tenir.
Verb
[edit]abstenir
- to abstain from; to not participate in
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem abstien distinct from the unstressed stem absten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of abstenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | abstenir | avoir abstenu | |||||
| gerund | en abstenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | abstenant | ||||||
| past participle | abstenu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstieng, abstien | abstiens | abstient | abstenons | abstenez | abstienent |
| imperfect | abstenoie, absteneie | abstenoies, absteneies | abstenoit, absteneit | absteniiens, absteniens | absteniiez, absteniez | abstenoient, absteneient | |
| preterite | abstin | abstenis | abstint | abstenimes | abstenistes | abstindrent, abstinrent | |
| future | abstendrai | abstendras | abstendra | abstendrons | abstendroiz, abstendreiz, abstendrez | abstendront | |
| conditional | abstendroie, abstendreie | abstendroies, abstendreies | abstendroit, abstendreit | abstendriiens, abstendriens | abstendriiez, abstendriez | abstendroient, abstendreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | abstiegne | abstiegnes | abstiegne | abstiegniens, abstiegnons | abstiegniez | abstiegnent |
| imperfect | abstenisse | abstenisses | abstenist | abstenissons, abstenissiens | abstenissoiz, abstenissez, abstenissiez | abstenissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | abstien | — | abstenons | abstenez | — | ||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=abstenir&oldid=89230780"
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