From dodeca-, from Ancient Greek δώδεκα (dṓdeka, “twelve”).

do-

1. (chiefly IUPAC) Alternative form of duo-

• IPA^(key): [do ]

do-

1. a prefix, usually indicating a destination or a completed action or state

   ‎do- + ‎studovat → ‎dostudovat

   ‎do- + ‎hořet → ‎dohořet

   ‎do- + ‎cestovat → ‎docestovat

   ‎do- + ‎dělat → ‎dodělat

   ‎do- + ‎vařit → ‎dovařit

   ‎do- + ‎kouřit → ‎dokouřit

   ‎do- + ‎číst → ‎dočíst

• do- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

From Old Irish do-, du-, from Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔ/

do-

1. impossible, extremely difficult

   Antonym: in-

2. ill, evil

   Antonym: so-

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “do-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

do-

1. Rōmaji transcription of ど

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do-.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

do-

1. verbal prefix

   ‎do- + ‎wiedzec → ‎dowiedzec

From Proto-Athabaskan *daˑ.

• IPA^(key): /tɔ/

do-

1. An interrogative prefix, used to form wh-questions; what, how.

   do'it'a? ― how are you?

   do'it'anh? ― what are you doing?

2. (rare) Appears in a few negative imperatives

   dodhit'aną́ ― don't do it!

• Lower Tanana terms prefixed with do-

  dodechenh

  deyado

  dont'ayi

  do'it'a

  do'it'anh

  donalt'ana

  donalt'ayi

  tr'edoxwdaldeną́

  dotron'

  doxwt'anh

  ye'ogw doxut'a

  doyudeɬket
• deyado

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 127

From Old Irish do-, du-.

do-

1. non-, un-

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

From Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

• du-

do-

1. impossible, extremely difficult
2. ill, evil

   Synonym: mí-

• so-, su-

do-

1. pretonic form of dí-
2. pretonic form of to-

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do-.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /dɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /dɔ/

do-

1. appended to verbs to indicate completion

   ‎do- + ‎mówić → ‎domówić

2. appended to verbs to indicate addition or furthering a previous process

   ‎do- + ‎sypać → ‎dosypać

3. appended to verbs to indicate addition or approaching a goal

   Antonyms: od-, ode-

   ‎do- + ‎ić → ‎dojć

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do-. Cf. do.

do-

1. prefix used to express the complete finishing, exhaustion, or cessation of an action: finish, out

   ‎do- + ‎bojovať (“to fight”) → ‎dobojovať (“to finish fighting/end a struggle”)

   ‎do- + ‎žať (“to reap/harvest”) → ‎dožať (“to finish reaping/finish the harvest”)

2. prefix used to indicate a large or full measure of an action, often resulting in damage or exhaustion: all over, up

   ‎do- + ‎hrýzť (“to bite”) → ‎dohrýzť (“to bite all over/maul”)

   ‎do- + ‎štípať (“to sting/pinch”) → ‎doštípať (“to sting all over”)

3. prefix used to indicate movement reaching a specific boundary in space: to, towards, as far as

   ‎do- + ‎-behnúť (“to run”) → ‎dobehnúť (“to reach/arrive by running”)

   ‎do- + ‎siahnuť (“to reach for”) → ‎dosiahnuť (“to reach/attain”)

4. prefix used to indicate the additional performance of a missing part of an action to achieve completeness

   ‎do- + ‎platiť (“to pay”) → ‎doplatiť (“to pay the balance/pay extra”)

   ‎do- + ‎variť (“to cook”) → ‎dovariť (“to finish cooking/cook the rest”)

5. prefix used with reflexive verbs to indicate the successful achievement of a goal or state through effort

   ‎do- + ‎žiť (“to live”) → ‎dožiť sa (“to live to see/reach a certain age”)

   ‎do- + ‎volať (“to call”) → ‎dovolať sa (“to succesfully summon by voice”)

• Slovak: do-

Inherited from Old Polish do-.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: do-

do-

1. appended to verbs to indicate completion

   ‎do- + ‎kończyć → ‎dokończyć

2. appended to verbs to indicate addition or furthering a previous process

   ‎do- + ‎lać → ‎dolać

3. appended to verbs to indicate addition or approaching a goal

   Antonyms: od-, ode-

   ‎do- + ‎iść → ‎dojść

• do- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Old Irish do-, du-.

do-

1. un-

• ao-
• mì-
• eu-
• neo-

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Inherited from Old Slovak do-. First attested in the 14th century.^[1] Cf. do.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/, [dɔ]

do-

1. prefix used to express the complete finishing, exhaustion, or cessation of an action: finish, out

   ‎do- + ‎čítať (“to read”) → ‎dočítať (“to finish reading”)

   ‎do- + ‎jesť (“to eat”) → ‎dojesť (“to finish eating/eat up”)

2. prefix used to indicate a large or full measure of an action, often resulting in damage or exhaustion: all over, up

   ‎do- + ‎hrýzť (“to bite”) → ‎dohrýzť (“to bite all over/maul”)

   ‎do- + ‎štípať (“to sting/pinch”) → ‎doštípať (“to sting all over”)

3. prefix used to indicate movement reaching a specific boundary in space: to, towards, as far as

   ‎do- + ‎-behnúť (“to run”) → ‎dobehnúť (“to reach/arrive by running”)

   ‎do- + ‎hnať (“to drive/chase”) → ‎dohnať (“to drive as far as/to a certain place”)

   ‎do- + ‎siahnuť (“to reach for”) → ‎dosiahnuť (“to reach/attain”)

4. prefix used to indicate the additional performance of a missing part of an action to achieve completeness

   ‎do- + ‎kúpiť (“to buy”) → ‎dokúpiť (“to buy more/buy the remainder”)

   ‎do- + ‎soliť (“to salt”) → ‎dosoliť (“to add more salt”)

5. prefix used with reflexive verbs to indicate the successful achievement of a goal or state through effort

   ‎do- + ‎žiť (“to live”) → ‎dožiť sa (“to live to see/reach a certain age”)

   ‎do- + ‎volať (“to call”) → ‎dovolať sa (“to reach someone by phone/get through to someone”)

• Peciar, Štefan, editor (1959–1968), “do-”, in Slovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–6 (A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV, →OCLC

From Proto-Slavic *do-. Prefixed form of the preposition do.

• IPA^(key): /dɔ-/

do-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. to finish

      ‎do- + ‎zídati (“to build”) → ‎dozídati (“to finish building”)

   2. up to, to reach

      ‎do- + ‎téči (“to run”) → ‎dotéči (“to catch up with”)

   3. to add

      ‎do- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎dolíti (“to add by pouring”)

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