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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfra.ɡro/
  • Rhymes: -aɡro
  • Hyphenation: frà‧gro

Verb

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fragro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of fragrare

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁g- (“to smell”). De Vaan derives it as a denominative verb in -ō, -āre from a hypothetical Italic adjective *fragros = *bʰrh₁g-ro- from *bʰreh₁g- +‎ *-ro-.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈfra.ɡroː], [ˈfraɡ.roː]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈfraː.ɡro], [ˈfraɡ.ro]
  • The a in the first syllable is short per Schrijver (1991)[2] and De Vaan (2008).[1] Although the first syllable frequently scans heavy in verse due to the following potentially heterosyllabic -gr-, Ernout and Meillet point to the scansion of the participle (found in the manuscript with the dissimilated spelling flagrans) in Catullus 6, 8 as support for the short quantity of the vowel.[3]

Verb

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fragrō (present infinitive fragrāre, perfect active fragrāvī); first conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

  1. to emit a smell of, to smell of, to be redolent of, to reek of
    Synonym: adoleō
  2. to emit smell, either pleasant or unpleasant, of

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of fragrō (first conjugation, no passive, no supine stem)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present fragrō fragrās fragrat fragrāmus fragrātis fragrant
imperfect fragrābam fragrābās fragrābat fragrābāmus fragrābātis fragrābant
future fragrābō fragrābis fragrābit fragrābimus fragrābitis fragrābunt
perfect fragrāvī fragrāvistī fragrāvit fragrāvimus fragrāvistis fragrāvērunt,
fragrāvēre
pluperfect fragrāveram fragrāverās fragrāverat fragrāverāmus fragrāverātis fragrāverant
future perfect fragrāverō fragrāveris fragrāverit fragrāverimus fragrāveritis fragrāverint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present fragrem fragrēs fragret fragrēmus fragrētis fragrent
imperfect fragrārem fragrārēs fragrāret fragrārēmus fragrārētis fragrārent
perfect fragrāverim fragrāverīs fragrāverit fragrāverīmus fragrāverītis fragrāverint
pluperfect fragrāvissem fragrāvissēs fragrāvisset fragrāvissēmus fragrāvissētis fragrāvissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — fragrā — — fragrāte —
future — fragrātō fragrātō — fragrātōte fragrantō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present fragrāre — fragrāns —
perfect fragrāvisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
fragrandī fragrandō fragrandum fragrandō — —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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From a dissimilated variant flagrō:

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fragrō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
  2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 185-191
  3. ^ Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “fragrō, -ās, -āuī, -āre”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 251

Further reading

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  • “fragro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “fragro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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