• IPA^(key): /ˈpulma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ulma
• Syllabification: pul‧ma

pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)

1. pulmonic, pulmonary (pertaining or relative to the lungs)

• pulmo

• “pulma”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “pulma”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

pulma

1. genitive singular of pulm
2. partitive singular of pulm
3. illative singular of pulm

Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (“difficult”). According to Koponen (1998), compare also to Võro pulmama (“to figure out”).^[1]

The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.^[2] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (“shortage, crisis”) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".

• IPA^(key): /ˈpulmɑ/, [ˈpulmɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ulmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pul‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): pul‧ma

pulma

1. trouble, problem

   Synonyms: see ongelma

2. dilemma, conundrum, quandary (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
3. puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)

   Synonyms: see ongelma

• “pulma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• palmu