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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse seinn, from Proto-Germanic *sainaz, *sainijaz, related to *sīþuz (“late”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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seinn (comparative seinni, superlative seinastur or (archaic, obsolete) seinstur)

  1. late, tardy
    Synonym: síðkvæmur
    Hann hlýtur að vera kominn — hann er aldrei seinn.
    He must be here already—he's never late.
    Við erum orðnar seinar í tíma!
    We're late for class!
  2. slow
    Synonym: hægur

Declension

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Positive forms of seinn
strong declension
(indefinite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinn sein seint
accusative seinan seina
dative seinum seinni seinu
genitive seins seinnar seins
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinir seinar sein
accusative seina
dative seinum
genitive seinna
weak declension
(definite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seini seina seina
acc/dat/gen seina seinu
plural (all-case) seinu
Comparative forms of seinn
weak declension
(definite) 		masculine feminine neuter
singular (all-case) seinni seinni seinna
plural (all-case) seinni
Superlative forms of seinn
strong declension
(indefinite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinastur, seinstur1 seinust, seinst1 seinast, seinst1
accusative seinastan, seinstan1 seinasta, seinsta1
dative seinustum, seinstum1 seinastri, seinstri1 seinustu, seinstu1
genitive seinasts, seinsts1 seinastrar, seinstrar1 seinasts, seinsts1
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinastir, seinstir1 seinastar, seinstar1 seinust, seinst1
accusative seinasta, seinsta1
dative seinustum, seinstum1
genitive seinastra, seinstra1
weak declension
(definite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinasti, seinsti1 seinasta, seinsta1 seinasta, seinsta1
acc/dat/gen seinasta, seinsta1 seinustu, seinstu1
plural (all-case) seinustu, seinstu1

1Archaic, obsolete.

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  • Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “seinn”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
  • Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2026), “seinn”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
  • Mörður Árnason (2019), Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
  • “seinn” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

Irish

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Etymology

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From Middle Irish sendid, from Old Irish seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *swannati, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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seinn (present analytic seinneann, future analytic seinnfidh, verbal noun seinm, past participle seinnte)

  1. to play (musical intrument)
    Is fada an bheirt cheoltóirí seo ag seinm le chéile.
    The two musicians have been playing together for a long time.
  2. to sing, warble, chatter

Conjugation

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Conjugation of seinn (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present seinnim seinneann tú;
seinnir† 		seinneann sé, sí seinnimid; seinneann muid seinneann sibh seinneann siad;
seinnid† 		a sheinneann; a sheinneas seinntear
past sheinn mé; sheinneas sheinn tú; sheinnis sheinn sé, sí sheinneamar; sheinn muid sheinn sibh; sheinneabhair sheinn siad; sheinneadar a sheinn seinneadh
past habitual sheinninn /
seinninn‡ 		sheinnteá /
seinnteᇠ		sheinneadh sé, sí /
seinneadh sé, sí‡ 		sheinnimis; sheinneadh muid /
seinnimis‡; seinneadh muid‡ 		sheinneadh sibh /
seinneadh sibh‡ 		sheinnidís; sheinneadh siad /
seinnidís‡; seinneadh siad‡ 		a sheinneadh sheinntí /
seinntí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future seinnfidh mé;
seinnfead 		seinnfidh tú;
seinnfir† 		seinnfidh sé, sí seinnfimid;
seinnfidh muid 		seinnfidh sibh seinnfidh siad;
seinnfid† 		a sheinnfidh; a sheinnfeas seinnfear
conditional sheinnfinn /
seinnfinn‡ 		sheinnfeá /
seinnfeᇠ		sheinnfeadh sé, sí /
seinnfeadh sé, sí‡ 		sheinnfimis; sheinnfeadh muid /
seinnfimis‡; seinnfeadh muid‡ 		sheinnfeadh sibh /
seinnfeadh sibh‡ 		sheinnfidís; sheinnfeadh siad /
seinnfidís‡; seinnfeadh siad‡ 		a sheinnfeadh sheinnfí /
seinnfí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go seinne mé;
go seinnead† 		go seinne tú;
go seinnir† 		go seinne sé, sí go seinnimid;
go seinne muid 		go seinne sibh go seinne siad;
go seinnid† 		— go seinntear
past dá seinninn dá seinnteá dá seinneadh sé, sí dá seinnimis;
dá seinneadh muid 		dá seinneadh sibh dá seinnidís;
dá seinneadh siad 		— dá seinntí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— seinnim seinn seinneadh sé, sí seinnimis seinnigí;
seinnidh† 		seinnidís — seinntear
past participle seinnte
verbal noun seinm

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of seinn
radical lenition eclipsis
seinn sheinn
after an, tseinn 		not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “seinnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 203, page 78

Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Middle Irish sendid, from Old Irish seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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seinn (past sheinn, future seinnidh, verbal noun seinn, past participle seinnte)

  1. to sing
  2. to play (bagpipes)
  3. (dated) to play (other musical instruments)

Noun

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seinn f (genitive singular seinne)

  1. singing

Mutation

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Mutation of seinn
radical lenition
seinn sheinn
after "an", t-seinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. II: The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, page 25
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  3. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1940), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. I: The dialects of the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, pages 39, 122
  4. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  5. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937), The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  6. ^ Ternes, Elmar (1973), The phonemic analysis of Scottish Gaelic: based on the dialect of Applecross, Ross-shire, Hamburg: Helmut Buske
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