Aside from

There are several phrases I have trouble in distinguishing: aside from, apart from, except for. Do they mean the same in English?

Aside from the US, is that India is moving very slowly in reform and they are moving in the right direction in freeing up the exchange rate, but it’s moving at a too slow pace, meanwhile the pressures in the US are too very fast.

Hi. I'm not exactly sure what your conxtext is saying. Do you mean "Unlike the US, India is moving very slowly in reform..."? Aside from does not seem to fit in this case. I would use aside from/apart from/except for in the following situation:
Aside from/Apart from/Except for the bad weather, I enjoyed my vacation.
(I liked the vacation but not the bad weather.)
But I think I hear except for and aside from more often than apart from but that's just me.
The sentence would sound better to me as this:
India is moving very slowly in reform but it is moving in the right direction in freeing up the exchange rate, despite the fact that this change is also slow-moving (or moving at too slow a pace).
And I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "meanwhile the pressures in the US are too fast" (US pressure for India to reform more quickly?) If so, I would say something like: Meanwhile, the US seems to be putting pressure on India to reform too quickly.
Hope this helps!

I like iceskater's restructuring of the sentence, though I did want to add that "aside from," "apart from," and "except for" wouldn't work here. A better word to use would be "unlike."

"Unlike the US, India is moving very slowly in reform..."

Thanks, everyone! Do you think that "aside from," "apart from," and "except for" mean the same thing as "besides"?

Besides is a little different. Besides means "in addition" or "furthermore", just as one definition.
- Can we leave the restaurant now?
- No, Bill isn't finished eating; besides, we haven't even paid the bill.

Beside (with no s) is defined by the Random House dictionary as "apart from" (e.g. That is beside the point) but I don't think that would necessarily mean the same as the "apart from" as an expression. It is also defined as "compared with" (e.g. Beside him other writers seem terrible). So if you wanted to say "compared to the US, India is moving too slowly", I guess you could use "beside the US, India is..." but "compared to" actually sounds better to me.