exposure data

This is a reading passage I found from a Korean SAT prep workbook.

Business always disputes scientific conclusions that might support regulation of a particular substance or activity. Animal data are considered not relevant to humans, human data are not representative of the population as a whole, and exposure data are not reliable enough to support regulation. There are many ways to create doubt when it comes to scientific findings.

Q. What does exposure data mean in this context? My guess is as follows...

1) data exposed by an business insider or a whistle blower saying that the product or a substance is harmful
2) data gathered from multiple exposure to a dangerous chemical or a malfunctioning device of sorts (probably through a scientific experiment or a finding)

Or is there any other interpretation of the phrase "exposure data"?

Thank you in advance for insightful comments.

Your 2) is the closer:
Exposure data = Data gathered from the statistical analysis of the health of people who have, with respect to time and intensity, experienced exposure to a dangerous chemical or a malfunctioning device of sorts, etc.