Actually, I like this part of your explanation:
They established the fundamental place of logic in philosophy. Because I have a stylistic preference for specificity, I would say something like:
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle established the fundamental place of logic in philosophy.
(I also would arrange the names in historical order.)
As for
"prominent figures in the field of human thought", I think this will work if you substitute "history" or "development" for
field. In that case, "human thought" can be understood to mean "philosophical thought and writing", rather than "thought processes" and would make more sense, to me at least.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were prominent figures in the history/development of human thought.
I am sure you can think of ways to improve this.