Israel is a parliamentary democracy with a multiparty system and independent institutions that generally guarantee political rights and civil liberties for the population within its borders. However, the judiciary’s independence has come under growing political pressure in recent years, and long-term discrimination against Arab and other ethnic and religious minority populations has resulted in systemic disparities in areas including criminal justice, local government budgets, education, and economic opportunity. Israel’s score and status in Freedom in the World do not reflect events or conditions in the Gaza Strip or the West Bank, which are examined separately.