Here are entered works discussing auxiliary, sometimes mixed, languages used among groups having no other language in common. Works discussing languages resulting from the intermingling of phonological, grammatical and/or lexical elements from different languages in areas of intensive language contact are entered under the heading [Languages, Mixed.] Works discussing lingua francas which are native to none of those using them and are characterized by a simplified grammar and often mixed vocabulary are entered under the heading [Pidgin languages.] Works discussing pidgin languages that have become established as the native language of a speech community are entered under the heading [Creole dialects.]
