Civitas Israël^[1] (Hebraice מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el ; Arabice دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl), breviter Israël,^[2] est respublica parlamentaria in Medio Oriente sub Maris Mediterranei litore sita, diversarum intra parvam suam aream geographicarum proprietatum. A septentrionibus Libanum et Syriam attingit, ab oriente Iordaniam et Ripam Occidentalem, a meridie Aegyptum et Sectorem Gazensem. est.^[3][4] Suis legibus definitus "Civitas Iudaica et Democratica", Israël est sola in orbe terrarum civitas ubi Iudaei aliis gentibus praevalent.^[5]

Solum lingua Hebraica est lingua publica; incolae autem Hebraica, Arabica, aliisque linguis late utuntur. Non pauci inter sese Russice, nonnulli etiam lingua Iudaeogermanica loquuntur, et pueri puellaque linguam Anglicam in scholis discunt.

• Ex Iudaeis consistit 76%;
• Ex Musulmanis (Druzis inclusis) 18%;
• Ex Christianis 2%.

Iudaei eam terram, quam nunc Israel appellant, sibi ab deo suo datam esse (Liber Iosue 1, 1-5) arbitrantur. Est enim in Bibliis Sacris:

Et factum est, ut post mortem Moysi servi Domini loqueretur Dominus ad Iosue filium Nun ministrum Moysi et diceret ei:

"Moyses servus meus mortuus est; nunc igitur surge et transi Iordanem istum, tu et omnis populus iste, in terram, quam ego dabo filiis Israël. Omnem locum, quem calcaverit vestigium pedis vestri, vobis tradidi, sicut locutus sum Moysi.

A deserto et Libano isto usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten, omnis terra Hetthaeorum usque ad mare Magnum contra solis occasum erit terminus vester."

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• Friedland,Roger;Hecht,Richard(2000),To Rule Jerusalem,University of California Press,ISBN0-520-22092-7
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• Porta Administrationis Israëlicae (cum nexibus ad commentarios Arabicum et Hebraicum)