Thanks for uploading the files! They help to clarify your situation.
Normally, when you get the error message about the startup handle, what happens is that SQL
Server starts, creates the log file, and the fails during the startup phase.
But in your case SQL Server does not start at all. This can be more difficult to troubleshoot.
Before we move on, I like to know a little about your environment. I this a corporate computer, or your private laptop? In the latter case, what antivirus do you have? Windows Defender or something else?
Open a command prompt with Run as Administrator. Run this:
cd \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL16.MSSQLSERVER04\MSSQL\BINN
sqlservr -s MSSQLSERVER04
Please share a screenshot of this experiment.
I like to add that the disk-sector issue that I mentioned in my original post is not in play here. If this would be the only problem, there would be an errorlog-file. However, I recommend that you review the article that i linked to and run the diagnostic command in that article and verify that no number is > 4096. If you see some values above this limit, apply the registry edits suggested in the article and reboot. This is not going to help with the problem you are facing now, but if we are able to resolve the issue you are facing now, this saves you from getting into more trouble.