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The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota

  • Book
  • © 2013

Overview

Authors:
  1. Eugene Rosenberg

    1. Dept. Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University Fac. Life Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel

  2. Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg

    1. Givat Shmuel, Israel

  • Up-to-date critical review of research on the functions of microbiota in plants, animals and humans
  • Paradigm change in biology: Consideration of the holobiont as an authentic, biological entity and a level of selection in evolution
  • A novel discussion of variation and evolution emphasizing cooperation between microbes and their hosts from the formation of the first eukaryote to the present
  • Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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About this book

Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution.

All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.

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Table of contents (11 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xiii

  2. Introduction: Symbioses and the Hologenome Concept

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 1-8

  3. Origin of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 9-22

  4. Abundance and Diversity of Microbiota

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 23-40

  5. Microbiotas are Transmitted Between Holobiont Generations

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 41-54

  6. Microbiotas are Part of Holobiont Fitness

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 55-80

  7. Variation in Holobionts

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 81-94

  8. Viruses are Part of the Holobiont’s Fitness and Evolution

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 95-107

  9. The Evolution of Holobionts

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 109-128

  10. Pathogens as Symbionts

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 129-149

  11. Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Phage Therapy

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 151-167

  12. Epilogue

    • Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
    Pages 169-178

Authors and Affiliations

  • Dept. Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University Fac. Life Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  • Givat Shmuel, Israel

    Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg

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Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota

  • Authors: Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04241-1

  • Publisher: Springer Cham

  • eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life Sciences, Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

  • Copyright Information: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-319-04240-4Published: 17 February 2014

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-319-34938-1Published: 27 August 2016

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-04241-1Published: 31 January 2014

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XIII, 178

  • Topics: Microbiology, Evolutionary Biology, Zoology

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