Mammalian lipoxygenase isoforms oxygenate polyunsaturated fatty acids to the corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives even when these substrates are part of biomembranes and lipoprotein ester lipids.

Integrated genetic and metabolic approaches dissect auxin inactivation, revealing pathway order between GH3 and DAO enzymes and a stronger-than-anticipated contribution of glycosylation to IAA homeostasis and plant growth.

Paired patch clamp recordings show that individual PV and VIP cells are similarly able to reduce SST cell firing despite their differences in unitary synaptic properties.

A study provides an updated, continent-wide portrait of African human mtDNA diversity, sharpening mtDNA-based demographic inferences regarding the Niger-Congo-associated and Bantu-associated demographic expansions.

Functional characterization of SORBS2, a component of the adhesome complex, sheds light on the regulation of cytoskeletal networks and calcium handling in the context of cardiac diastolic function.

Clinical data and a mouse model of psoriasis reveal a direct pathway from skin inflammation to sleep-regulating brain circuits, identifying tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis-associated insomnia.

Cao et al. report that whole β-glucan particles (WGP) enhance BCG-conditioned macrophage antigen handling and presentation. WGP plus BCG strengthens CD4⁺ memory-associated responses and improves bacterial control while reducing lung inflammation

Combined profiling of 5mC, 5hmC, and 6mA in papillary thyroid carcinoma reveals modification specific epigenomic landscapes, a 187-locus diagnostic panel, and BRAF/RAS mutation dependent transcriptional reprogramming.

Sediment loads present on Florida’s reefs are impeding the recovery of coral populations by inhibiting larval settlement and reducing the survivorship of recruits for multiple reef-building coral species.

Juvenile Arapaima gigas - world’s largest freshwater fish - show high degrees of synchrony when air-breathing together despite individual differences. Agent-based models and empirical data suggest assortative social responsiveness as mechanism.

Not many pathogens are as uniquely adapted as Streptococcus pyogenes to cause a variety of infections ranging from strep throat to serious flesh-eating skin infections. Yet, scientists, to date, have had limited knowledge into the extent of diseases strep caused in the past. In a new study, Valverde et al. found the signature of strep in the tooth of a mummified individual from a sea of sequencing data and traced the past of the pathogen.

In this comment, the author discusses the next two frontiers of artificial intelligence in structural biology: the prediction of full protein conformational landscapes and the routine de novo design of high-affinity protein binders.

Current preclinical models fail to capture the mechanics of oligodendrocyte myelination. Lasli et al. now demonstrate that the mechanical compliance of the axonal niche is a key determinant of oligodendrocyte maturation. By developing a platform that mimics the extreme mechanical softness of the central nervous system, they reveal myelination as a mechanically gated process as much as a biochemically regulated one.

Global regulatory shifts are accelerating the move from animal models to human-relevant systems like organoids and MPS. Without deliberate inclusion, Africa risks exclusion despite its high disease burden, limiting global health equity and full scientific potential.

Dr. Victor Borda is a Research Associate at the University of Maryland, School of Medicine, and the Institute for Health Computing. In this Q&A, we discuss his recent publication in Communications Biology on admixture and genetic diversity across Peru, his work with the Peruvian Genome Project, and the relevance of developing genomic resources in Latin America.

This comment delves into the need for statistically rigorous population estimation in cryo-electron microscopy. Examples are given illustrating the failure of particle counting and the robustness of principled techniques.