CVE-2026-45446
Detail
Description
Issue summary: The implementations of AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV
(RFC 8452) mishandle the authentication of AAD (Additional Authenticated
Data) with an empty ciphertext allowing a forgery of such messages.
Impact summary: An attacker can forge empty messages with arbitrary AAD
to the victim's application using these ciphers.
AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV (RFC 8452) are nonce-misuse-resistant AEAD
modes: they accept a key, nonce, optional AAD (bytes that are authenticated
but not encrypted), and plaintext, and produces ciphertext plus a 16-byte
tag. On decrypt, `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` is documented to return success only
if the tag is verified succesfully.
In OpenSSL's provider implementation of these ciphers, the expected tag is
computed only when decryption function is invoked with non-empty data.
If the caller supplies AAD and then calls `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` without
invocation of the ciphertext update, which can happen when the received
ciphertext length is zero, the tag is never recalculated and still holds its
all-zeros value.
When AES-GCM-SIV is used, an attacker who sends arbitrary AAD, empty
ciphertext, and all-zeros tag passes authentication under any key they do not
know, single-shot. When AES-SIV is used, for mounting the attack it's
necessary for the application to reuse the decryption context without
resetting the key.
AES-SIV is implemented since OpenSSL 3.0. AES-GCM-SIV is implemented since
OpenSSL 3.2.
No protocols implemented in OpenSSL itself (TLS/CMS/PKCS7/HPKE/QUIC) support
either AES-GCM-SIV or AES-SIV. To mount an attack, the applications must
implement their own protocol and use the EVP interface. Also they must skip the
ciphertext update when a message with an empty ciphertext arrives.
The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this
issue, as these algorithms are not FIPS approved and the affected code is
outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.
Metrics
NVD enrichment efforts reference publicly available information to associate
vector strings. CVSS information contributed by other sources is also
displayed.
CVSS 4.0 Severity and Vector Strings:
NVD assessment
not yet provided.
CVSS 3.x Severity and Vector Strings:
Base
Score:
NVD assessment
not yet provided.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVSS 2.0 Severity and Vector Strings:
Base
Score:
NVD assessment
not yet provided.
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Weakness Enumeration
| CWE-ID |
CWE Name |
Source |
|
CWE-325
|
Missing Cryptographic Step |
OpenSSL Software Foundation
|
Change History
6 change records found show changes
CVE Modified by CISA-ADP
6/17/2026 6:52:03 AM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
SSVC |
{"timestamp":"2026-06-09T18:48:41.903041Z","id":"CVE-2026-45446","options":[{"exploitation":"none"},{"automatable":"no"},{"technicalImpact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}
|
CVE Modified by OpenSSL Software Foundation
6/17/2026 6:52:03 AM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
Affected |
[{"vendor":"OpenSSL","product":"OpenSSL","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"4.0.0","lessThan":"4.0.1","versionType":"semver","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.6.0","lessThan":"3.6.3","versionType":"semver","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.5.0","lessThan":"3.5.7","versionType":"semver","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.4.0","lessThan":"3.4.6","versionType":"semver","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.0.0","lessThan":"3.0.21","versionType":"semver","status":"affected"}]}]
|
Initial Analysis by NIST
6/15/2026 10:57:01 PM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
CPE Configuration |
OR
*cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.0.0 up to (excluding) 3.0.21
*cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.4.0 up to (excluding) 3.4.6
*cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.5.0 up to (excluding) 3.5.7
*cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.6.0 up to (excluding) 3.6.3
*cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc Types: Patch
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3 Types: Patch
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85 Types: Patch
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598 Types: Patch
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68 Types: Patch
|
| Added |
Reference Type |
OpenSSL Software Foundation: https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt Types: Vendor Advisory
|
CVE Modified by OpenSSL Software Foundation
6/10/2026 4:16:24 AM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68
|
| Removed |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc
|
| Removed |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3
|
| Removed |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85
|
| Removed |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598
|
| Removed |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68
|
CVE Modified by CISA-ADP
6/09/2026 4:16:58 PM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
CVSS V3.1 |
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
|
New CVE Received from OpenSSL Software Foundation
6/09/2026 1:17:19 PM
| Action |
Type |
Old Value |
New Value |
| Added |
Description |
Issue summary: The implementations of AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV
(RFC 8452) mishandle the authentication of AAD (Additional Authenticated
Data) with an empty ciphertext allowing a forgery of such messages.
Impact summary: An attacker can forge empty messages with arbitrary AAD
to the victim's application using these ciphers.
AES-SIV (RFC 5297) and AES-GCM-SIV (RFC 8452) are nonce-misuse-resistant AEAD
modes: they accept a key, nonce, optional AAD (bytes that are authenticated
but not encrypted), and plaintext, and produces ciphertext plus a 16-byte
tag. On decrypt, `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` is documented to return success only
if the tag is verified succesfully.
In OpenSSL's provider implementation of these ciphers, the expected tag is
computed only when decryption function is invoked with non-empty data.
If the caller supplies AAD and then calls `EVP_DecryptFinal_ex()` without
invocation of the ciphertext update, which can happen when the received
ciphertext length is zero, the tag is never recalculated and still holds its
all-zeros value.
When AES-GCM-SIV is used, an attacker who sends arbitrary AAD, empty
ciphertext, and all-zeros tag passes authentication under any key they do not
know, single-shot. When AES-SIV is used, for mounting the attack it's
necessary for the application to reuse the decryption context without
resetting the key.
AES-SIV is implemented since OpenSSL 3.0. AES-GCM-SIV is implemented since
OpenSSL 3.2.
No protocols implemented in OpenSSL itself (TLS/CMS/PKCS7/HPKE/QUIC) support
either AES-GCM-SIV or AES-SIV. To mount an attack, the applications must
implement their own protocol and use the EVP interface. Also they must skip the
ciphertext update when a message with an empty ciphertext arrives.
The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 3.0 are not affected by this
issue, as these algorithms are not FIPS approved and the affected code is
outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.
|
| Added |
CWE |
CWE-325
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/25b32cd9d41d2bc01b6abc425bb4baf2c2236fdc
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/71e2a5d263518cf5866043bd60ee4994d59e53a3
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/7fe3f33a3b3a4c487aa4dcdbc87057f66ffd2b85
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/daca0f48e4a69a2892a62262bad59e62a8a76598
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://github.com/openssl/security/commit/eec5e9bf0d867333b8495e456f5235d225798a68
|
| Added |
Reference |
https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260609.txt
|
Quick Info
CVE Dictionary Entry: CVE-2026-45446 NVD
Published Date: 06/09/2026 NVD
Last Modified: 06/17/2026
Source: OpenSSL Software Foundation
|
