0,13

Previous name: Triangular array made of three copies of Pascal's triangle.

Computing each term modulo 2 also gives A047999, i.e., a(n) mod 2 = A007318(n) mod 2 for all n. (The triangle is paritywise isomorphic to Pascal's Triangle.) - Antti Karttunen

5th row/column gives entries of A000217 (triangular numbers C(n+1,2)) repeated twice and every other entry in 6th row/column form A000217. 7th row/column gives entries of A000292 (Tetrahedral (or pyramidal) nos: C(n+3,3)) repeated twice and every other entry in 8th row/column form A000292. 9th row/column gives entries of A000332 (binomial coefficients binomial(n,4)) repeated twice and every other entry in 10th row/column form A000332. 11th row/column gives entries of A000389 (binomial coefficients C(n,5)) repeated twice and every other entry in 12th row/column form A000389. - Gerald McGarvey, Aug 21 2004

If Sum_{k=0..n} A(k)*T(n,k) = B(n), the sequence B is the S-D transform of the sequence A. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 02 2006

Number of n-bead black-white reversible strings with k black beads; also binary grids; string is palindromic. - Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 07 2008

Row sums give A016116(n+1). - Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 07 2008 [corrected by Petros Hadjicostas, Nov 04 2017]

Coefficients in expansion of (x + y)^n where x and y anticommute (y x = -x y), that is, q-binomial coefficients when q = -1. - Michael Somos, Feb 16 2009

The sequence of coefficients of a general polynomial recursion that links at w=2 to the Pascal triangle is here w=0. Row sums are {1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 16, 16, 32, 32, 64, ...}. - Roger L. Bagula and Gary W. Adamson, Dec 04 2009

T(n,k) is the number of palindromic compositions of n+1 with exactly k+1 parts. T(6,4) = 3 because we have the following compositions of n+1=7 with length k+1=5: 1+1+3+1+1, 2+1+1+1+2, 1+2+1+2+1. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 15 2014 [corrected by Petros Hadjicostas, Nov 03 2017]

Let P(n,k) be the number of palindromic compositions of n with exactly k parts. MacMahon (1893) was the first to prove that P(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1), where T(n,k) are the numbers in this sequence (see the comment above by G. Critzer). He actually proved that, for 1 <= s <= m, we have P(2*m,2*s) = P(2*m,2*s-1) = P(2*m-1, 2*s-1) = bin(m-1, s-1), but P(2*m-1, 2*s) = 0. For the current sequence, this can be translated into T(2*m-1, 2*s-1) = T(2*m-1,2*s-2) = T(2*m-2, 2*s-2) = bin(m-1,s-1), but T(2m-2, 2*s-1) = 0 (valid again for 1 <= s <= m). - Petros Hadjicostas, Nov 03 2017

T is the infinite lower triangular matrix for this sequence; define two others, U and V; let U(n,k)=e_k(-1,2,-3,...,(-1)^n n), where e_k is the k-th elementary symmetric polynomial, and let V be the diagonal matrix A057077 (periodic sequence 1,1,-1,-1). Clearly V^-1 = V. Conjecture: U = U^-1, T = U . V, T^-1 = V . U, and |T| = |U|. - George Beck, Dec 16 2017

Let T*(n,k)=T(n,k) except when n is odd and k=(n+1)/2, where T*(n,k) = T(n,k)+2^((n-1)/2). Thus, T*(n,k) is the number of non-isomorphic symmetric stairs with n cells and k steps, i.e., k-1 changes of direction. See A016116. - Christian Barrientos and Sarah Minion, Jul 29 2018

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..120 of triangle, flattened

Paul Barry, Jacobsthal Decompositions of Pascal's Triangle, Ternary Trees, and Alternating Sign Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19, 2016, #16.3.5.

Nantel Bergeron, Kelvin Chan, Yohana Solomon, Farhad Soltani, and Mike Zabrocki, Quasisymmetric harmonics of the exterior algebra, arXiv:2206.02065 [math.CO], 2022.

E. Burlachenko, Fractal generalized Pascal matrices, arXiv:1612.00970 [math.NT], 2016. See p. 3.

S. J. Cyvin, B. N. Cyvin, and J. Brunvoll, Unbranched catacondensed polygonal systems containing hexagons and tetragons, Croatica Chem. Acta, 69 (1996), 757-774. See Table 1 on p. 763.

D. E. Davenport, L. W. Shapiro and L. C. Woodson, The Double Riordan Group, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 18(2) (2012).

M. E. Horn, The Didactical Relevance of the Pauli Pascal Triangle, arXiv:physics/0611277 [physics.ed-ph], 2006. [Michael Somos]

F. Al-Kharousi, R. Kehinde, and A. Umar, Combinatorial results for certain semigroups of partial isometries of a finite chain, The Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 58 (3) (2014), 363-375.

P. A. MacMahon, Memoir on the Theory of the Compositions of Numbers, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London A, 184 (1893), 835-901.

T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k) if n odd or k even, else 0. T(0, 0) = 1.

T(n, k) = T(n-2, k-2) + T(n-2, k). T(0, 0) = T(1, 0) = T(1, 1) = 1.

Square array made by setting first row/column to 1's (A(i, 0) = A(0, j) = 1); A(1, 1) = 0; A(1, j) = A(1, j-2); A(i, 1) = A(i-2, 1); other entries A(i, j) = A(i-2, j) + A(i, j-2). - Gerald McGarvey, Aug 21 2004

Sum_{k=0..n} k * T(n,k) = A093968(n); A093968 = S-D transform of A001477. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 02 2006

Equals 2*A034851 - A007318. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 31 2007. [Corrected by Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 07 2008]

A051160(n, k) = (-1)^floor(k/2) * T(n, k).

Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A016116(n+1), A056487(n), A136859(n+2) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 11 2014

G.f.: (1+x+x*y)/(1-x^2-y^2*x^2). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 11 2014

For n,k >= 1, T(n, k) = 0 when n odd and k even; otherwise, T(n, k) = binomial(floor((n-1)/2), floor((k-1)/2)). - Christian Barrientos, Mar 14 2020

From Werner Schulte, Jun 25 2021: (Start)

T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (-1)^k * T(n-1,k) for 0 < k < n with initial values T(n,0) = T(n,n) = 1 for n >= 0.

Matrix inverse is T^-1(n,k) = (-1)^((n-k)*(n+k+1)/2) * T(n,k) for 0 <= k <= n. (End)

From Peter Bala, Aug 08 2021: (Start)

Double Riordan array ( 1/(1 - x); x/(1 + x), x/(1 - x) ) in the notation of Davenport et al.

G.f. for column 2*n: (1 + x)*x^(2*n)/(1 - x^2)^(n+1); G.f. for column 2*n+1: x^(2*n+1)/(1 - x^2)^(n+1)

Row polynomials: R(2*n,x) = (1 + x^2)^n; R(2*n+1,x) = (1 + x)*(1 + x^2)^n.

The infinitesimal generator of this triangle has the sequence [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...] on the main subdiagonal, the sequence [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, ...] on the diagonal immediately below and zeros elsewhere.

Let T denote this lower triangular array. Then T^a, for a in C, is the double Riordan array ( (1 + a*x)/(1 - a*x^2); x/(1 + a*x), (1 + a*x)/(1 - a*x^2) ) with o.g.f. (1 + x*(a + y))/(1 - x^2*(a + y^2)) = 1 + (a + y)*x + (a + y^2)*x^2 + (a^2 + a*y + a*y^2 + y^3)*x^3 + (a^2 + 2*a*y^2 + y^4)*x^4 + ....

The (2*n)-th row polynomial of T^a is (a + y^2)^n; The (2*n+1)-th row polynomial of T^a is (a + y)*(a + y^2)^n. (End)

Triangle starts:

{1},

{1, 1},

{1, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 1, 1},

{1, 0, 2, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1},

{1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1},

{1, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 4, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 4, 4, 6, 6, 4, 4, 1, 1},

{1, 0, 5, 0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 5, 0, 1},

{1, 1, 5, 5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5, 5, 1, 1}

... - Roger L. Bagula and Gary W. Adamson, Dec 04 2009

T:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(n=0 and k=0, 1,

`if`(n<0 or k<0, 0, `if`(irem(n, 2)=1 or

irem(k, 2)=0, T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k), 0)))

end:

seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..14); # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 12 2014

T[ n_, k_] := QBinomial[n, k, -1]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 14 2011; since V7 *)

Clear[p, n, x, a]

w = 0;

p[x, 1] := 1;

p[x_, n_] := p[x, n] = If[Mod[n, 2] == 0, (x + 1)*p[x, n - 1], (x^2 + w*x + 1)^Floor[n/2]]

a = Table[CoefficientList[p[x, n], x], {n, 1, 12}]

Flatten[a] (* Roger L. Bagula and Gary W. Adamson, Dec 04 2009 *)

(PARI) {T(n, k) = binomial(n%2, k%2) * binomial(n\2, k\2)};

(Haskell)

a051159 n k = a051159_tabl !! n !! k

a051159_row n = a051159_tabl !! n

a051159_tabl = [1] : f [1] [1, 1] where

f us vs = vs : f vs (zipWith (+) ([0, 0] ++ us) (us ++ [0, 0]))

-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 25 2013

(SageMath)

@cached_function

def T(n, k):

if k == 0 or k == n: return 1

return T(n-1, k-1) + (-1)^k*T(n-1, k)

for n in (0..12): print([T(n, k) for k in (0..n)]) # Peter Luschny, Jul 06 2021

(Python)

from math import comb as binomial

def T(n, k): return binomial(n%2, k%2) * binomial(n//2, k//2)

print([T(n, k) for n in range(14) for k in range(n+1)]) # Peter Luschny, Oct 17 2024

Cf. A007318, A051160, A016116, A034851, A169623, A036355.

Sequence in context: A385434 A158020 A051160 * A331545 A349465 A035697

Adjacent sequences: A051156 A051157 A051158 * A051160 A051161 A051162

nonn,tabl,easy,nice

Michael Somos, Oct 14 1999

New name using a formula of the author by Peter Luschny, Oct 17 2024

approved