Conjectured values of a(n) defined by: a(n) = first prime appearing in the orbit n, f(n), f(f(n)),...., if it exists; = 0 otherwise, where f(n) = n + sigma(n).
The orbit of 4 is 4, 11, 23,.... and the first prime in the orbit is 11. So a(4) = 11.
MATHEMATICA
f[ n_ ] := n + DivisorSigma[ 1, n ]; h[ n_ ] := Module[ { a = n}, While[ ! PrimeQ[ a ] && a < 10^30, a = f[ a ] ]; If [ ! PrimeQ[ a ], a = 0 ]; a ]; Table[ h[ i ], {i, 1, 40} ]