a(1) = 7 because are 7 different x ={2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10} <= 10^1 where 2x^2-1 is prime = {7, 17, 31, 71, 97, 127, 199}.
MATHEMATICA
l = 0; p = 2; a = {}; Do[k = p x^2 - 1; If[PrimeQ[k], l = l + 1]; If[N[Log[x]/Log[10]] == Round[N[Log[x]/Log[10]]], Print[l]; AppendTo[a, l]], {x, 1, 10000000}]; a (*Artur Jasinski*)
