Place the numbers 1..N (N>=2) on a circle and cyclicly mark the 16th unmarked number until all N numbers are marked. The order in which the N numbers are marked defines a permutation; N is a J_16-prime if this permutation consists of a single cycle of length N.
There are 12 J_16-primes in the interval 2..1000000 only. No formula is known; the J_16-primes were found by exhaustive search.
REFERENCES
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth & O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics (1989), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Sections 1.3 & 3.3.