A tomographically balanced matrix is a matrix whose entries are -1, 0, or +1, with the property that the sum over any row, any column, or any of the diagonal lines with slope plus-or-minus 1 is zero.
REFERENCES
Donald E. Knuth, Satisfiability, Fascicle 6, volume 4 of The Art of Computer Programming, Addison-Wesley, 2015, pages 141 and 204-205, Exercise 105.