nmax = 20; Drop[CoefficientList[Series[((1 - (1 - 504*Sum[DivisorSigma[5, k]*x^k, {k, 1, nmax}])^2/(1 + 240*Sum[DivisorSigma[3, k]*x^k, {k, 1, nmax}])^3)/1728)^3, {x, 0, nmax}], x], 3] (*
Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 07 2017 *)
a[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[1/(1728*KleinInvariantJ[-Log[q]*I/(2*Pi)])^3, {q, 0, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 3, 14}] (*
Jean-François Alcover, Nov 02 2017 *)