a(0) = 4 = 100 in binary, 0 toggled bits needed;
a(1) = 5 = 101_2, 1 toggled bit -> 100_2 = 4;
a(2) = 7 = 111_2, 2 toggled bits -> 100_2 = 4;
a(3) = 14 = 1110_2, 3 toggled bits -> 1001_2 = 9;
a(4) = 79 = 1001111_2, 4 toggled bits -> 1000000_2 = 64;
a(5) = 831 = 1100111111_2, 5 toggled bits -> 1100010000_2 = 784 = 28^2.