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URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19247697/

⇱ A review of methods for quantitative evaluation of spinal curvature - PubMed

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a complete overview of the existing methods for quantitative evaluation of spinal curvature from medical images, and to summarize the relevant publications, which may not only assist in the introduction of other researchers to the field, but also be a valuable resource for studying the existing methods or developing new methods and evaluation strategies. Key evaluation issues and future considerations, supported by the results of the overview, are also discussed.

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Figures

👁 Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Evaluation of coronal spinal curvature in 2D images. a Ferguson method [31]. b Cobb method [19]. c Greenspan index [36]. d Diab et al. method [24]. e Centroid method [15]
👁 Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Evaluation of sagittal spinal curvature in 2D images. a Modified Cobb method [19]. b Ishihara index [49]. c Index of kyphosis/lordosis [101]. d Polynomial angle [84]. e Mean radius of curvature [83]. f TRALL method [16]. g Centroid method [14]. h Best-fit ellipses [41, 50]. i Posterior tangents [46, 96]. j Anterior tangents [80]. k Tangent circles [97]. l Area under the curve (AUC) [109]. m Vertebral wedge ratio [94]
👁 Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Evaluation of spinal curvature in 3D images. a Biplanar orthogonal radiographic reconstruction method [10, 65, 67, 74]. b Modeling with mathematical functions, e.g., harmonic [26, 27, 48, 70, 90], spline [10, 52, 64, 99] or polynomial [, –104] functions
👁 Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Summary of the reviewed methods. a The number of manual methods (degree 1 & 2) versus the number of automated methods (degree 3 & 4). b A timeline showing the cumulative number of the proposed manual (degree 1 & 2) and automated methods (degree 3 & 4)

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