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⇱ Catastrophes, sleep, and public policy: consensus report - PubMed

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Figures

👁 Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The number of unintentional sleep episodes observed at various times of day in the studies of Carskadon et al. (–6). The pattern from noon to 8 p.m. has been widely replicated in studies using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (7) and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (8).
👁 Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of human deaths per 2-h interval in the 437,511 deaths analyzed by Smolensky et al. (16) and Mitler et al. (17).
👁 Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Number of human deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease per 2-h interval from the data of Mitler et al. (17) and Muller et al. (21).
👁 Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Temporal distribution of 6,052 vehicular accidents that were judged by investigators to be fatigue-related displayed as a function of time of day. The figure combines the samples of Lavie et al. (23) (Israel: n = 390), Langlois et al. (24) (Texas: n = 4,994) and Duff (unpublished observations) (New York: n = 668).
👁 Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Temporal distribution of 75,000 meter-reading errors plotted in the same 2-h format as Figs. 1–4. Data are taken from Bjerner et al. (31).

References

    1. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. Diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders (1st ed. prepared by the Sleep Disorders Classification Committee, HP Roffwarg, Chair) Sleep. 1979;2:1–137. - PubMed
    1. Moore-Ede MC, Sulzman FM, Fuller CA. The clocks that time us. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1982.
    1. Lamberg Lynne. The American Medical Association. Guide to better sleep. New York: Random House; 1984.
    1. Carskadon MA, Littell WP, Dement WC. Sleep Res. Vol. 14. 1985. Constant routine: alertness, oral body temperature, and performance; p. 293.
    2. Carskadon MA. Issues in daytime sleepiness. Invited presentation, Annual Meeting of The Association of Professional Sleep Societies; June 18, 1986; Columbus, Ohio. June 15–20, 1986.
    1. Dement WC, Carskadon MA. An essay on sleepiness. In: Baldy-Moulinier M, editor. Actualites en medicine experimentale: en homage au professeur P Passouant. Montpelier: Euromed; 1982. pp. 47–71.

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