VOOZH about

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32900766/

⇱ The influence of sex and gender domains on COVID-19 cases and mortality - PubMed

Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.
Skip to main page content
👁 Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

👁 Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Erratum in

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

👁 Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Conceptual framework for how gender-related factors may be related to differences in prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 for males and females.
👁 Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Male:female ratio of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases for all countries that reported sex-disaggregated data on Apr. 11, 2020, as a function of the country’s gender inequality per the 2017 United Nations Development report (estimate: 1.67 ± 0.32, R2 = 0.48, p < 0.001). COVID-19 data for the United Kingdom are represented only by Northern Ireland, as England, Scotland and Wales did not report sex-disaggregated data at the time of analysis. A higher Gender Inequality Index indicates higher inequality between men and women in a country, with women less empowered.

References

    1. Griesbeck M, Ziegler S, Laffont S, et al. Sex differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell levels of IRF5 drive higher IFN-α production in women. J Immunol 2015;195:5327–36. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Oksuzyan A, Juel K, Vaupel JW, et al. Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008;20:91–102. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Torcia MG, Nencioni L, Clemente AM, et al. Sex differences in the response to viral infections: TLR8 and TLR9 ligand stimulation induce higher IL10 production in males. PLoS One 2012;7:e39853. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Scully EP, Haverfield J, Ursin RL, et al. Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes. Nat Rev Immunol 2020;20:442–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Klein SL, Dhakal S, Ursin RL, et al. Biological sex impacts COVID-19 outcomes. PLoS Pathog 2020;16:e1008570. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
👁 HighWire full text link
HighWire Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSH PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.