Abstract
Background: Since April 2020, there have been numerous reports of children presenting with systemic inflammation, often in critical condition, and with evidence of recent infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This condition, since defined as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is assumed to be a delayed immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and there are frequently cardiac manifestations of ventricular dysfunction and/or coronary artery dilation.
Methods: We surveyed the inpatient MIS-C management approaches of the members of the International Kawasaki Disease Registry across 38 institutions and 11 countries.
Results: Among the respondents, 56% reported using immunomodulatory treatment for all MIS-C patients, regardless of presentation. Every respondent reported use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), including 53% administering IVIG in all patients. Steroids were most often used for patients with severe clinical presentation or lack of response to IVIG, and only a minority used steroids in all patients (14%). Acetylsalicylic acid was frequently used among respondents (91%), including anti-inflammatory and/or antiplatelet dosing. Respondents reported use of prophylactic anticoagulation, especially in patients at higher risk for venous thromboembolism, and therapeutic anticoagulation, particularly for patients with giant coronary artery aneurysms.
Conclusions: There is variation in management of MIS-C patients, with suboptimal evidence to assess superiority of the various treatments; evidence-based gaps in knowledge should be addressed through worldwide collaboration to optimize treatment strategies.
Contexte: Depuis avril 2020, de nombreux cas dâenfants prĂ©sentant une inflammation gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e, se trouvant souvent dans un Ă©tat critique et montrant des signes dâune infection rĂ©cente au coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sĂ©vĂšre 2 (SRAS-CoV-2), ont Ă©tĂ© signalĂ©s. On pense que cet Ă©tat, dĂ©signĂ© depuis sous le nom de syndrome inflammatoire multisystĂ©mique de lâenfant (SIME), pourrait ĂȘtre une rĂ©ponse immunitaire tardive au virus de la maladie Ă coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19); les patients prĂ©sentent souvent des manifestations cardiaques associĂ©es Ă une dysfonction ventriculaire ou Ă une dilatation des artĂšres coronaires.
Méthodologie: Nous avons mené un sondage sur les stratégies de prise en charge du SIME en milieu hospitalier auprÚs des membres du registre international de la maladie de Kawasaki, qui sont rattachés à 38 établissements répartis dans 11 pays.
RĂ©sultats: Au total, 56 % des rĂ©pondants ont dĂ©clarĂ© opter pour un traitement immunomodulateur pour tous les patients prĂ©sentant un SIME, quelles quâen soient les manifestations. Tous les rĂ©pondants ont dĂ©clarĂ© avoir recours Ă lâadministration dâimmunoglobulines par voie intraveineuse, 53 % dâentre eux utilisant ce traitement chez tous les patients. Les stĂ©roĂŻdes Ă©taient plus souvent utilisĂ©s chez les patients prĂ©sentant des symptĂŽmes cliniques graves ou ne rĂ©pondant pas aux immunoglobulines administrĂ©es par voie intraveineuse; seule une minoritĂ© de rĂ©pondants ont dĂ©clarĂ© utiliser des stĂ©roĂŻdes chez tous les patients (14 %). Les rĂ©pondants utilisaient aussi frĂ©quemment lâacide acĂ©tylsalicylique (91 %), Ă des doses anti-inflammatoires ou antiplaquettaires. Ils ont en outre dĂ©clarĂ© avoir recours Ă des anticoagulants en prophylaxie, en particulier chez les patients prĂ©sentant un risque Ă©levĂ© de thromboembolie veineuse, et Ă une anticoagulothĂ©rapie chez les patients prĂ©sentant des anĂ©vrismes coronaires gĂ©ants.
Conclusions: La prise en charge des patients prĂ©sentant un SIME varie dâun mĂ©decin Ă lâautre, et les donnĂ©es permettant dâĂ©valuer la supĂ©rioritĂ© des divers traitements employĂ©s sont insuffisantes; il conviendrait donc de mettre en place des initiatives de collaboration afin de combler les lacunes des connaissances et dâoptimiser les stratĂ©gies thĂ©rapeutiques.
© 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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References
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- Pediatric Critical Care Society PICS Statement: Increased number of reported cases of novel presentation of multisystem inflammatory disease. https://pccsociety.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/PICS-statement-re-novel... Available at:
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- World Health Organization Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19: Scientific Brief. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrom... Available at:
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- Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Guidance: Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19. https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-05/COVID-19-Paediatric-... Available at: - PubMed
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- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Alert Network (HAN) Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp Available at:
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