VOOZH about

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745001/

⇱ Regulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Potential Target to Prevent COVID-19? - PubMed

Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.
Skip to main page content
👁 Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

👁 Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Abstract

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucially involved in the physiology and pathology of all organs in mammals. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is a homolog of ACE, acts as a negative regulator in the homeostasis of RAS. ACE2 has been proven to be the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells through binding of viral spike protein with ACE2 in humans, the distribution and expression level of ACE2 may be critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Growing evidence shows the implication of ACE2 in pathological progression in tissue injury and several chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; this suggests that ACE2 is essential in the progression and clinical prognosis of COVID-19 as well. Therefore, we summarized the expression and activity of ACE2 under various conditions and regulators. We further discussed its potential implication in susceptibility to COVID-19 and its potential for being a therapeutic target in COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; renin–angiotensin system; therapeutic target.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

👁 Figure 1
Figure 1
Renin–angiotensin system. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form Ang I, which is then cleaved by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to generate Ang II. Ang II can bind to Ang II type 1 and 2 receptors (AT1/2R). ACE2 is a single transmembrane protein, which can recognize Ang I and cleave it into Ang 1-9, which is quickly converted to Ang 1-7 by ACE. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) has been identified as a ligand for Mas receptor, which is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. Mas receptor may induce intracellular signaling cascades such as protein kinase B and induction of nitric oxide (NO) production.
👁 Figure 2
Figure 2
Roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infection. (A) ACE2 acts as the key receptor in avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9 virus infections as well as in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. (B) Roles of a soluble form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) in cells infected with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. ADAM17 cleaves ACE2 and forms a 20-amino acid transmembrane peptide. The binding of Ang II with AT1R promotes sACE2 formation by increasing ADAM17 activity, which generates sACE2 and binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as the virus receptor.

References

    1. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V . The Species Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus: Classifying 2019-Ncov and Naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol (2020) 5:536–44. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jayaweera M, Perera H, Gunawardana B, Manatunge J. Transmission of COVID-19 Virus by Droplets and Aerosols: A Critical Review on the Unresolved Dichotomy. Environ Res (2020) 188:109819. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jiang F, Deng L, Zhang L, Cai Y, Cheung CW, Xia Z. Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Gen Intern Med (2020) 35:1545–9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, et al. Comorbidities and Multi-Organ Injuries in the Treatment of COVID-19. Lancet (2020) 395(10228):e52. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30558-4 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al. A Crucial Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS Coronavirus-Induced Lung Injury. Nat Med (2005) 11:875–9. doi: 10.1038/nm1267 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
👁 Frontiers Media SA full text link
Frontiers Media SA Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSH PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.