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來源：美國CNN 翻譯：世界播
Hong Kong (CNN)The Pentagon kicked off the world's largest naval war games last week, the biennial, month-long Rim of the Pacific exercises, known as RIMPAC, bringing together 46 ships and submarines, 200 aircraft and 25,000 troops from 25 nations.
上周，美國五角大樓拉開了世界上規模最大的海上軍事演習的序幕。兩年一次，為期一個月的環太平洋海軍演習，將來自25個國家的46艘艦艇和潛艇，200架飛機和25,000名士兵匯聚一堂。
Missing from that contingent is China, which was disinvited from RIMPAC over its militarization of islands in the South China Sea.
此次唯一缺席的是中國海軍，它因在中國南海島嶼軍事化而在環太平洋軍演中被五角大樓取消邀請。
But as ships were arriving in Hawaii for RIMPAC, China was completing naval exercises of its own, with a series of live-fire naval drills off Taiwan that began on June 17.
但是當軍艦抵達夏威夷參加環太平洋軍演時，中國正在完成自己的海軍演習，從6月17日開始，中國在台灣進行了一系列實彈海上軍演。
That the two sets of exercises overlap only serves to reinforce the differences between the two super powers, as both countries vie for military influence in the Pacific.
由於中美兩國在太平洋地區都在爭奪軍事影響力，這兩組演習的重疊只會加劇這兩個超級大國之間的分歧。
RIMPAC is about "building relationships," US military leaders said at a press conference in Hawaii on Thursday, pointing out Indo-Pacific nations making first-time or upgraded contributions to the exercises, including Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, which all have claims in the South China Sea.
美國軍方領導人周四在夏威夷舉行的新聞發布會上表示，環太平洋軍演是為了 「建立友誼」，他們指出，包括越南、馬來西亞和菲律賓這些印度太平洋國家或首次參加軍演，或升級了對此次演習的貢獻，而這些國家都聲稱在中國南海擁有主權。
"We work together, build relationships here, so later on ... it's hard to turn down a friend," Vice Adm. John Alexander, commander of the US Navy's 3rd Fleet, told the Pearl Harbor gathering marking the beginning of the games.
美國海軍第三艦隊司令、海軍副上將約翰亞歷山大在珍珠港舉行的軍演開幕式上說： 「我們在這裡共同努力，建立友誼，所以以後…這很難讓人拒絕一個朋友的友誼。」
And RIMPAC shows the US Navy is better at making friends than its Chinese counterpart, analysts say.
分析人士表示，環太平洋海軍演習表現出美國海軍比中國海軍更善於結交朋友。
"China's absence means that it loses an opportunity to ... establish professional and potentially personal relationships with its regional and global naval counterparts," said Carl Schuster, a former director of operations at the US Pacific Command's Joint Intelligence Center.
美國太平洋司令部聯合情報中心前作戰主任卡爾·舒斯特爾說。「中國的缺席意味著它失去了一個與地區和全球海軍建立專業的和潛在的人際關係的機會。」
Beijing does not host any naval exercises on the scope of RIMPAC, Schuster said.
舒斯特爾說，中國沒有舉行任何在環太平洋範圍內的軍事演習。
"There is a bit of the 'I'm the popular kid on the block' approach to all this," said Peter Layton, visiting fellow at the Griffith Asia Institute in Australia, pointing out that the US Navy knows how to show off its and its partners' capabilities.
澳大利亞專家雷頓表示：「軍演表達的意思是，我是這個群體中最受歡迎的孩子』。」他指出，美國海軍知道如何展示自己及其他合作夥伴的能力。
Among the planned RIMPAC missions are new missile demonstrations, amphibious exercises, mine clearing and anti-piracy exercises, according to the US Navy.
據美國海軍稱，計劃中的環太平洋軍演包括新型飛彈演習、兩棲演習、掃雷和反海盜演習。
Expect all to be well publicized with tweets, photos and videos and postings on the RIMPAC Facebook page.
他們希望這些演習都能通過推特、照片、視頻和環太平洋軍演Facebook頁面上的帖子進行良好的宣傳。
And the presence of the South China Sea nations at RIMPAC shows loyalties in the region remain very much in play, said Layton.
萊頓稱，南海地區的國家在環太平洋海軍演習中的參與表明，該地區對美國的忠誠仍在發揮作用。
Making friends and extending influence
廣交朋友，擴大影響力
Washington has periodically sent warships within boundaries declared by China around disputed islands, but those so-called "freedom of navigation operations" have not been joined by other Southeast Asian navies.
華盛頓定期派遣軍艦進入中國宣布主權的爭議島嶼邊界。但這些所謂的「航行自由行動」沒有其他東南亞海軍加入。
RIMPAC gives those Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) a chance to show "passive support" for the US position, Layton said.
萊頓說，環太平洋軍演為東南亞國家協會提供了一個對美國立場表示「被動支持」的機會。
Republic of Singapore Navy guided-missile frigate RSS Tenacious arrives at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in preparation for RIMPAC 2018. Singapore is one of seven ASEAN nations participating in the exercises.
圖文： 新加坡共和國海軍飛彈護衛艦RSS「頑強」號抵達夏威夷珍珠港，為2018年環太平洋軍事演習做準備。新加坡是參加這次演習的七個東協國家之一。
The 10 ASEAN nations include Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. All but Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar are at RIMPAC.
東協十國包括汶萊、柬埔寨、印度尼西亞、寮國、馬來西亞、緬甸、菲律賓、新加坡、泰國和越南。除了柬埔寨、寮國和緬甸以外，其他所有國家都位於環太平洋沿岸。
"ASEAN states might not be willing to sail with the US Navy through the disputed waters but they are keen to exercise with the US Navy and show solidarity that way," Layton said.
萊頓說:「東協國家可能不願與美國海軍一起在有爭議的海域內一同航行，但它們熱衷於與美國海軍一起演習，以顯示團結。」
"Vietnam for the first time attending this year's exercise is significant in that regard. The Philippines involvement similarly indicates they wish to hedge their bets and remind China they have other options," he said.
他表示：「越南首次參加今年的演習，意義十分重大。菲律賓的參與同樣表明，他們希望對沖自己的賭注，並提醒中國，他們還有其他選擇。」
Broad coalition
廣泛的聯盟
Outside of Southeast Asia, the US is giving important roles to other allies.
除東南亞之外，美國正在賦予其他盟國重要的角色。
Canadian and Japanese admirals will be in the Nos. 2 and 3 overall command positions and Australian and Chilean commanders will the maritime and air components respectively.
加拿大和日本海軍上將分別擔任2號和3號總指揮，澳大利亞和智利指揮官將分別擔任海上和空中總指揮。
Members of the Canadian 2nd Battalion Royal 22e Régiment wait to take off during loading and offloading drills for the MV-22 Osprey during Rim of the Pacific exercises on Thursday.
圖文：加拿大第二營皇家22E戰鬥機的成員在星期四的太平洋演習期間，在裝載和卸載MV-22魚鷹的演習中等待起飛。
"The trust built in RIMPAC will pay dividends when we all respond together to crises that may arise," Adm. John Aquilino, the commander of the US Pacific Fleet, said at Pearl Harbor on Thursday.
美國太平洋艦隊司令約翰•阿奎里諾周四上將在珍珠港表示:「當我們共同應對可能出現的危機時，在環太平洋軍事演習中建立的信任將產生回報。」
China, meanwhile, sent a flotilla of warships for a week of "real combat training" around Taiwan, which Beijing claims as part of its territory but has been a self-governed, democratic island since 1949 following a civil war on the Chinese mainland.
與此同時，中國向台灣派遣了一支艦隊，進行為期一周的「實戰訓練」。中國聲稱台灣是中國領土的一部分，但自1949年中國大陸爆發內戰以來，台灣一直是一個自治的、民主的島嶼。
Beijing said the combat exercises were "directed at separatist elements advocating "Taiwan independence," according to a report from the state-run Xinhua news service.
據中國官方媒體新華社報導，此次軍演是針對主張「台獨」的分裂分子。
The Chinese military said two warships from its Eastern Theater Command spearheaded the exercises -- with added units from air and coastal defense forces -- in the Taitung Strait, the Bashi Strait and the Taiwan Strait, according to Xinhua.
據新華社報導，中國軍方稱，中國東部戰區司令部的兩艘軍艦在台東海峽、巴什海峽和台灣海峽率先進行了軍演，並增加了空軍和海防部隊。
Highlighting that the exercises were conducted by the Eastern Theater Command, formed during a Chinese military reorganization in 2016, was important, according to Schuster, the former US Navy officer now a Hawaii Pacific University professor.
美國前海軍軍官、現為夏威夷太平洋大學教授的舒斯特爾強調這些演習是由2016年中國軍隊重組期間成立的東部戰區司令部指揮進行的。
"It means the PLA Navy and the joint command structure are getting better, more capable and they want Taiwan and the United States to know it," he said.
他強調:「這意味著中國人民解放軍海軍和聯合司令部正在變得更好、更有能力，他們希望台灣和美國知道這一點。」
The exercises came while US Defense Secretary James Mattis, who had pulled China's RIMPAC invitation in early June, visited leaders in Beijing.
此次演習是在美國國防部長詹姆斯·馬蒂斯在6月初撤回對中國環太平洋海軍演習邀請之際進行的，當時他訪問了在北京的領導人。
They included President Xi Jinping, who made his position on the South China Sea clear.
其中，領導人包括中國最高國家領導人，他明確了自己在南海問題上的立場。
"Our stance is steadfast and clear-cut when it comes to China's sovereignty and territorial integrity," Xi said, according to state media, adding that "any inch of territory passed down from ancestors cannot be lost while we want nothing from others."
他說，「當涉及到中國的主權和領土完整時，我們的立場是堅定和明確的，」 「任何一寸領土從祖先傳下來，都不能失去，同時我們不想從他國那裡得到任何東西。」
Alternative alliances
選擇聯盟
Beijing isn't showing any envy of RIMPAC either. On Thursday, the Defense Ministry announced its planning naval drills with the 10 ASEAN nations later this year, aiming to "enhance mutual trust, expand exchange and cooperation, and safeguard regional peace and stability," Xinhua reported.
中國方面也沒有表現出對環太平洋軍演有任何的羨慕。據新華社報導，中國國防部周四宣布，計劃今年晚些時候與東協10國舉行海軍演習，旨在「增進互信，擴大交流與合作，維護地區和平與穩定。」
Meanwhile, Layton says for all the US military's talk of building relationships, there's one person who could burn them down during the month of RIMPAC -- Donald Trump.
與此同時，萊頓表示，儘管美國軍方一直在談論建立友誼，但有一個人可能會在環太平洋軍事演習的這一個月里把這些友誼都毀掉——那就是唐納德•川普。
The US President has meetings with NATO and European Union leaders as well as Russian President Vladimir Putin scheduled for July.
這位美國總統與北約和歐盟領導人以及俄羅斯總統普京定於7月舉行會晤。
"Donald Trump is widely expected to insult the Europeans and the Canadians, and actively try to damage NATO and the EU, while heaping praise on Putin for Syria and the Ukraine," the Australian analyst said.
萊頓表示:「人們普遍認為，唐納德•川普會侮辱歐洲人和加拿大人，並積極試圖破壞北約和歐盟，同時讚揚普京對敘利亞和烏克蘭的態度。」
"Some EU nations and maybe others may wonder why they are supporting a US exercise in the Pacific," Layton said. "Trump in attacking allies and friends will undo for all participants some of RIMPAC's soft power aspects."
萊頓稱：「一些歐盟國家和其他國家可能會奇怪，為什麼他們會支持美國在太平洋地區的演習，」 「川普攻擊盟友和朋友的行為，將會破壞環太平洋軍事演習的某些軟實力。」
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