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Main article: Countries of the world
Main article: Central Bank of Bangladesh
Bangladesh's public debt was 20.6% of the country's nominal GDP in December 2022, down from 19.2% the previous year.
In August 2022, large-scale rallies began in Bangladesh due to a 50% increase in fuel prices. After the imposition of sanctions against Russia against the background of the conflict in Ukraine, the EU countries chose the volume of fuel and bought LNG tankers that went to Bangladesh from other markets. This is how fuel from Russia was replaced. Representatives of Bangladesh have already blamed Europe for this.
Main article: Bangladesh Nuclear Power Plants
The leader of IT outsourcing for 2019 is traditionally India, where there are many cheap programmers (even if most of them graduated from two-week courses).
But at this time, India is being squeezed by new players, such as Bangladesh, which has become, thanks to the accessible Internet in cities and a large number of qualified specialists, already the second most freelance employees in the world, it accounts for 16% of their total. According to this indicator, Bangladesh is still inferior to India (24%), but ahead of the United States (12%).
Russia ranks 12th in this market with a share of about 1%. This is stated in a study by the Oxford Institute. Internet
One in 10 of Bangladesh's 44 million young people are unemployed, with thousands of skilled professionals unable to find work. As a result, they get an additional specialty in IT and get an outsider in a foreign company. According to ICT, out of 650,000 freelancers in Bangladesh, about 500,000 regularly work, earning more than $100 million a year.
Bangladesh Ambassador to Moscow Kamrul Ahsan in August 2022 announced problems with the export of textiles to Russia due to the complication of logistics. Textile exports were the main item of trade between the two countries.
Textile exports have now stopped because no one wants to transport goods to Russian ports. Air travel could be a way out of this situation. Someone is trying to export through China, but it is quite difficult.
Bangladesh is a left-handed country.
In March 2022, Greenpeace, in collaboration with the development company AirVisual, compiled an annual rating of the countries of Europe and the world with the cleanest air. Things are worst in Bangladesh. In this country, the level of air pollution at the end of 2021 amounted to 76.9 PM2.5 (mkg/m³). Read more here.
In early August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and left the country by helicopter. According to the British television channel BBC, her transport landed in Agartala, after which she arrived in New Delhi. Authorities India have promised to keep her safe. At the same time, information is received that Hasina is already asking for asylum in. Britain
Bengali protesters occupied Sheikh Hasina's residence and parliament building. Army Chief of Staff General Waqar-uz-Zaman of the Prime Minister's Palace issued an address to the nation, urging protesters to remain calm and announcing the formation of an interim government.
On July 19, 2024, it became known that the Bangladeshi authorities completely turned off Internet access amid student protests. The blocking affected the operation of a variety of services, including financial systems.
The nationwide shutdown is linked to widespread Internet clashes between local students and police over the government's quota of jobs. Protesting students, states transport angered by the policy, tried to stop the work of various enterprises after the authorities closed all universities. The streets of Bangladesh are rioting; it is said about dozens of dead.
According to Bloomberg, the widespread blocking of the Internet affected ATMs and mobile money transfer services. Locals cannot take advantage of social media. Mobile data services are also not available. As of July 24, 2024, the Internet has been down for five days. A curfew has been imposed in the country, and military personnel patrol the capital and other areas. At the same time, according to TASS, the Russian Embassy in Bangladesh continues to work, despite restrictions, poor communication and lack of Internet.
| The Internet is turned off, with interruptions and international communication does not work well. But the situation in the area of the embassy is calm, - said the interlocutor of TASS. |
It is noted that students in Bangladesh are demanding the abolition of the quota, according to which 30% of government posts are reserved for relatives of veterans who fought in the war for the independence of the state in 1971. Almost 32 million young people do not have a job or vocational education in the country, whose population is about 174 million people. Young people believe that the authorities are taking insufficient measures to combat unemployment. In addition, protesters argue that the quota system is discriminatory.[1]
In the first two days, 2,700 people were injured from clashes between demonstrators and police in Bangladesh in July 2024, of which 39 were killed, and 466 are in serious and critical condition.
Since July 1, in Bangladesh, students from different educational institutions across the country have been protesting against the quota system for public office, which was partially scrapped in 2018 after protests. The quota system reserves more than 50% of public sector jobs.
Quotas apply to the posts of diplomats, engineers, doctors, etc., up to ordinary assistants in government agencies of various levels.
Students are unhappy that quotas actually book the most tasty jobs for children of civil servants and thus limit the availability of social elevators.
On the afternoon of July 15, students of Dhaka University rallied and were attacked by other students - supporters of the quota system and the ruling Awami League party. The scuffles lasted about 8 hours.
Riots soon swept various universities in the country and were accompanied by attacks on students in hostels, on campus territories, etc. Almost 300 people were affected at the University of Dhaka campus alone.
On the morning of July 16, all university dormitories were closed by the government, and police detachments were pulled to the university territories.
Local residents began to report blackouts Internet and problems with access to. social networks And protests have already spread from the capital to other cities.
On July 18, it became known that Bangladesh police and special forces deployed 229 platoons throughout the country, and pro-government movements and activists of the Awami League party brought supporters to the streets to fight back the demonstrators.
Against this background, personnel with military equipment began to spread on the network, but the Bangladesh Armed Forces were not seen in suppressing the protests and only strengthen the security of government agencies.
Nevertheless, police efforts to stabilize the situation are clearly not enough. In July 18 alone, protesters seized the office of the main television channel BTV, and also drove security officials from campus areas in the suburbs of the capital and from several districts of Dhaka.
Looking at this deplorable situation, Bangladesh's Home Minister urged students to start negotiations, the Justice Minister and Education Minister were also ordered to engage in dialogue with student groups.
The Bangladesh government in February 2023 banned 69 Russian ships from entering their ports in accordance with EU and US sanctions during the conflict in Ukraine. Ships will not be able to import cargo, stop for refueling, anchor and use sea routes in the area. The restrictions will affect the construction of the country's largest energy facility - the Rooppur NPP, which is being built with the support of Moscow.
In February 2009, the Bangladesh Riflemen mutiny took place. Then the rebel units seized the headquarters of the border guards in the capital Dhaka, demanding an increase in salaries and allowances, as well as a longer vacation. Later, other areas of the country were involved in the riots.
The rebels abandoned their plans the day after the riot began, when authorities promised amnesty to anyone who voluntarily lay down their arms. In total, according to official figures, 74 people were killed in the rebellion, 57 of whom held high-ranking positions in the army.
During the trials of the rebels, which lasted for three subsequent years, more than six thousand border guards were convicted. Human rights defenders regularly criticized the processes, noting, in particular, the use of torture against suspects and poor conditions of their detention.
On October 20, 2012, the court convicted 723 participants in the rebellion of local border guards, the Bangladeshi Riflemen, which took place in 2009. This was reported by BBC News[2].
In total, 735 people were accused in the process, which was reportedly the last in a series of similar courts. Ten of them were acquitted, and two more died in custody during the trial.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the territory of present-day Bangladesh was an almost uninhabited jungle. During the Delhi Sultanate era, this territory was used as a place of exile for criminals. Thieves and robbers were lowered in boats down the Ganges and let out - go wherever you want. That is, the region was perceived as a kind of Australia.
This is not to say that it was completely empty. Hunters and gatherers lived there, as well as a few tribes engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. But there was no organized class society there, as there was no urban civilization. Unlike, incidentally, West Bengal, now part of India, which was densely populated and where a developed Hindu civilization existed. Historical Bengal looked like this: an agricultural Hindu West, and a hunting and gathering East, without cities and without organized religion.
Colonization of present-day Bangladesh began in earnest only under the Mughals. The settlers cleared the jungle and smashed rice fields in their place. On rice, the population began to grow with terrible force, so soon the natives had to switch to settled agriculture - due to lack of space.
In parallel with this, there was a process of cultivating the region - the plantation of organized religion and civilization. It is reflected in the Bengali premahyanas - parables that were composed by Sufi dervishes who Islamized what later became Bangladesh. In one of them, the main feat of the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) is that he single-handedly cleared and planted the Palestinian jungle. From the point of view of the Bengali Sufis, religious asceticism and colonization are ultimately one thing.
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