URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20110714022431/http://www.maisonbotanique.com/dyn/12acte_2_read.pdf
%PDF-1.2
%����
12 0 obj
<<
/Length 13 0 R
>>
stream
BT
70.92 38.28 TD
0 0 0 rg
/F0 9.96 Tf
0.0088 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj
4.68 2.52 TD /F0 6.48 Tf
-0.09 Tc (er) Tj
4.8 -2.52 TD /F0 9.96 Tf
0.0141 Tc 0.0159 Tw ( colloque europ\351en sur les trognes, Vend\364me, 26) Tj
189 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.0079 Tw (, 27 et 28 octobre 2006 page ) Tj
232.2 0 TD 0.0088 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj
4.68 0 TD 0.06 Tc -0.03 Tw ( / ) Tj
10.08 0 TD 0.0088 Tc 0 Tw (6) Tj
4.68 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
ET
0.7529 0.7529 0.7529 rg
69.48 797.64 456.48 16.08 re f
BT
247.08 800.76 TD
0 0 0 rg
/F1 14.04 Tf
-0 Tc 0 Tw (United) Tj
40.56 0 TD 0.0047 Tc (-) Tj
4.68 0 TD -0.002 Tc (Kingdom) Tj
55.92 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-50.52 -13.92 TD /F2 12 Tf
0 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -13.8 TD ( ) Tj
-226.8 -15.72 TD /F2 14.04 Tf
-0.0244 Tc -0.0056 Tw (Helen Read) Tj
65.76 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
161.04 -14.28 TD /F2 12 Tf
0 Tw ( ) Tj
-120.48 -23.4 TD /F1 21.96 Tf
0.0187 Tc 0.0113 Tw (A brief review of pollards) Tj
240.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-239.28 -25.2 TD 0.024 Tc 0.006 Tw (and pollarding in Europe) Tj
237.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-118.92 -14.16 TD /F1 9.96 Tf
( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
T* ( ) Tj
194.64 -10.68 TD /F3 9.96 Tf
-0.0198 Tw ( ) Tj
-17.16 -12.6 TD /F0 9.96 Tf
0.0012 Tc 0 Tw (Romania) Tj
34.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-438.72 -12 TD /F1 9.96 Tf
( ) Tj
-0.12 -11.4 TD 0.0174 Tc 0 Tw (Abstract) Tj
37.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-37.2 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
0 -11.28 TD /F4 9.96 Tf
0.0239 Tc 1.5661 Tw (During a three month study tour a wide range of) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0225 Tc 1.8075 Tw (European countries were visited, from Norway to) Tj
0 Tc 0.15 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0159 Tc 5.3741 Tw (Romania, searching for poll) Tj
128.88 0 TD -0.0078 Tc 0 Tw (ards.) Tj
20.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.0163 Tc 5.4137 Tw ( The search) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-151.68 -11.52 TD 0.0235 Tc 2.6465 Tw (concentrated on Northern European broadleaved) Tj
0 Tc -0.09 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD 0.0189 Tc 5.8911 Tw (tree species, excluding willows and poplars.) Tj
206.64 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD ( ) Tj
-209.16 -11.52 TD 0.0103 Tc 2.6597 Tw (Pollards were generally found as remnants of a) Tj
0 Tc -0.09 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0218 Tc 3.7282 Tw (formerly much more widespread practice.) Tj
183.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.0396 Tc 3.7104 Tw ( Two) Tj
0 Tc 0.15 Tw ( ) Tj
-185.64 -11.52 TD 0.0147 Tc 1.3182 Tw (main types of pollards can be distinguished, those) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.063 Tc 0 Tw (cut) Tj
12.24 0 TD 0.0244 Tc 0.2456 Tw ( for the leaves and those cut for) Tj
128.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.0333 Tc 0 Tw (wood.) Tj
24.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.0096 Tc 0.0804 Tw ( Although ) Tj
-169.8 -11.4 TD 0.0255 Tc 1.4445 Tw (pollarding was clearly an important part of many) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0106 Tc 6.3794 Tw (different cultures the trees are now largely) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0183 Tc 0.4917 Tw (overlooked and their cultural and biological values) Tj
0 Tc -0.21 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0281 Tc 0 Tw (unrecognised.) Tj
56.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.0181 Tc 1.949 Tw ( In very few places were trees still) Tj
0 Tc 0.15 Tw ( ) Tj
-59.04 -11.52 TD 0.0472 Tc 1.6628 Tw (being cut) Tj
38.76 0 TD 0.03 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
2.52 0 TD 0.025 Tc 1.685 Tw ( Encouragement needs to be given and) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-43.8 -11.52 TD 0.0209 Tc 0.4357 Tw (awareness of pollards raised in order that they can ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD 0.0123 Tc 0.0177 Tw (continue to be present in many different landscapes.) Tj
208.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-208.92 -11.76 TD /F1 9.96 Tf
( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD ( ) Tj
244.56 218.52 TD 0.0207 Tc 0 Tw (Introduction) Tj
54.36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-54.36 -11.28 TD /F2 9.96 Tf
( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0122 Tc 5.4178 Tw (This presentation is a brief look at pollards) Tj
0 Tc -0.09 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0189 Tc 6.3711 Tw (throughout northern Europe, concentrating on) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.024 Tc 0 Tw (nativ) Tj
19.92 0 TD 0.0157 Tc 3.3543 Tw (e broadleaved species. The information is) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-19.92 -11.52 TD 0.0183 Tc 1.1367 Tw (based on that gathered during a three month study) Tj
0 Tc -0.09 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD 0.0077 Tc 0.7663 Tw (tour carried out in 2003, the focus of which was to) Tj
0 Tc 0.15 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0057 Tc 3.8815 Tw (look for information to help us manage beech) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0433 Tc 0 Tw (\() Tj
3.36 0 TD /F4 9.96 Tf
0.0209 Tc 6.3691 Tw (Fagus sylvatica) Tj
69.48 0 TD /F2 9.96 Tf
0.0136 Tc 6.4484 Tw (\) pollards where I work in) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-72.84 -11.52 TD 0.0095 Tc 0.6205 Tw (Burnham Beeches in sout) Tj
104.28 0 TD 0.0085 Tc 0.6515 Tw (hern England. Thus I was) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
-104.28 -11.52 TD 0.0224 Tc 5.0476 Tw (particularly interested in pollards occurring in) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD 0.021 Tc 0.045 Tw (pasture \(in a very broad sense\) and with species that ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0098 Tc 0.5302 Tw (were traditionally cut for their wood, such as beech) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0292 Tc 0.4942 Tw (and oak. However, because of the large number of) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0074 Tc 1.2226 Tw (pollards in Scandinavia ) Tj
1.2433 Tc 0 Tw (I) Tj
103.2 0 TD 0.0147 Tc 1.2153 Tw ( also thought it important) Tj
0 Tc 0.15 Tw ( ) Tj
-103.2 -11.52 TD 0.0227 Tc 1.4739 Tw (to talk to people there, even though the system is) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0058 Tc 0.6362 Tw (rather different. I did not look at willow or poplar,) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.4 TD 0.0126 Tc 1.8374 Tw (two species that have traditionally been pollarded) Tj
0 Tc -0.09 Tw ( ) Tj
0 -11.52 TD 0.0165 Tc 1.3507 Tw (for different reasons and which respond to cutting) Tj
0 Tc 0.03 Tw ( ) Tj
T* 0.0096 Tc 0.0204 Tw (rather differently to) Tj
78.36 0 TD 0.0243 Tc 0.0572 Tw ( many others. Subsequent to the ) Tj
ET
q
449.88 0 0 -337.44 70.92 669.72 cm
/im1 Do
endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
6615
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Image
/Name /im1
/Filter /DCTDecode
/Width 520
/Height 390
/BitsPerComponent 8
/ColorSpace /DeviceRGB
/Length 19 0 R
>>
stream
����Adobed���C + "+6.++(:SRB3BMPef`bb`kn��uruvh}��������������������������
a!1AQa"q�2���B#$Rb34�r�C%�S��cs5��&D�TdE£t6�U�e���u��F'���������������Vfv��������7GWgw��������(8HXhx�������� )9IYiy��������
*:JZjz������������ ?5Oɬ��{JUّY���҃S�k1>�Ҭ7 O�}��#]Gܬ �տr�.���4F]Y=�jl��{����E t�HLh���ґஓ�#�?�a1��P)�
