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The research delves into the historical significance of a now-lost Latin source used by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in his work on the Croats and Serbs. It presents a novel methodology for examining historical documents by reversing traditional chronological approaches, prioritizing an analysis of sources over authors. This approach aims to enhance objectivity and broaden understanding of the historical context surrounding the Croats and Serbs, while also encouraging a more profound analysis of the fragmentary evidence available.
Researches on the past of Early Medieval Balkans have challenged scholars for many decades. The results of those efforts are visible and acknowledged. To a certain extent peculiarities are caused by the historical database. Narratives which described the ninth-century Western Balkans are not so plentiful. However the well-known treatise De administrando imperio written by emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (913/945 959) reveals important features. They concern emergence of principalities among the Serbs and Croats. Undoubtedly, depicted forms of early medieval political life are relatively primitive. One of the main reasons for such a qualification is the encroachment upon the rulers facilitated by an absence of certain lineal inheritance.
2016
The main focus of this text will centre around the two peculiar problems: 1. The transition of the territories inhabited by the Serbs from the period of the Byzantine imperial restoration established after the successful wars of Basil II from 1018, into the period of the first twilight of the Byzantine empire from 1180 to 1204; 2. The emergence of the Serbian kingdom and autocephalous Greek-Orthodox church in the fragmented Byzantine world from 1204 to 1220. An examination of the cultural components of these relations, although many of them were of powerful political and ideological significance, has intentionally been omitted from this overview
2. Uluslararası Osmanlı Coğrafyası Arşiv Kongresi. Bildiriler, cilt 1, (eds. Hatice Oruç – Mehmet Yildirir – Songül Kadioğlu), T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü Arşiv Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2019, 269-278
This paper provides an outline and brief summary of the Slavic, Latin and Italian documents from the late Middle Ages which are currently kept in the State Archives of Zadar and Dubrovnik in the Republic of Croatia, highlighting their great potential and possibilities for the research and study of early Ottoman history in the Balkans. These rich archival collections contain diverse and valuable facts about the establishment and functioning of Ottoman rule in South-East Europe, but despite of that, the information they give has not yet been fully incorporated into the dominant historical narratives about the rise of the Ottoman Empire. The greatest obstacle to the full appreciation of their importance has been the obvious language barrier, but a systematic approach to these documents could generate valuable results and further advance our knowledge about the history of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire in the fourteenth and fifteenth century. Therefore, in the hope of drawing the attention of the global community of medievalists and ottomanists to these documents and archives, I have presented a general description of the existing records, their organization and arrangement, as well a brief assessment of the kind of information that they include.
Studia Ceranea. Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe
The White Croats are a medieval people of Slavic stock (in sight), from the north of the Carpathians, who had a kingdom of their own in early medieval. They did not have much influence in regional issues, thus there is no much mention about them in medieval sources. Their relationship with the Balkan Croats and contribution to formation of the latter are the issues increasing historical importance of this people. However, their ethnic affiliation or ethnic origins of their nationmakers seems to be nonSlavic, as intimated by contemporary sources. The centurylong debates for the Balkan Croats' Eastern origins are equally crucial for their northern relatives, too. This essay contains some new proposals for some mysterious people (Mrvât, Belye Ugry, etc.) attesting in medieval Islamic and Rus' books, for whom scholarship still looks for certain identities. They are related to the White Ogur realm, an early medieval tribal union of Turkic stock in western Eurasian steppes, from which the (proto) Croats derived. They were assimilated among the surrounding Slavic multitude, by changing their OguroTurkic language to Slavic, but by keeping their national name, as in the Danubian Bulgar case.
This paper is focused on one of ten extant copies, which, to varying degrees, transmit Anthony of Novgorod's thirteenth-century travel account, Kniga palomnik. This copy was previously thought to have been an otherwise unknown redaction of the work, owing to the copyist's supposed intention to compile a list of sacred sites devoid of narrative flair. By examining the textual transmission, with reference to three specific examples, this article reveals the abridgement to be mechanical rather than deliberate, rendering a damaged version of the original which cannot be considered an intentional redaction.
RiMe. Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea (ISSN 2035-794X), 2021
Author analyses cessio, or transfer of obligation from one creditor to another as a transaction pertaining to Roman law and Roman legal tradition, in the documents of Thomasinus de Savere, a late 13th century notary in Dubrovnik (Ragusa). First he analyses cessio in doctrine and early notaries’ formularies of the 13th century as a conceptual background of the analysis. After a short historical context, documents are specifically analysed. Cessiones are approached from a threefold perspective, first generally in comparison with other documents, and then regarding their structure and contents. // L'autore analizza cessio, o il trasferimento dell'obbligazione da un creditore all'altro come transazione pertinente al diritto romano e alla tradizione giuridica romana, nei documenti di Tomasino de Savere, un notaio della fine del XIII secolo a Dubrovnik (Ragusa). Prima analizza il cessio nella dottrina e nei formulari dei primi notai del XIII secolo. Dopo un breve contesto storico, i documenti sono specificamente analizzati. Cessiones sono analizzati da una triplice prospettiva, prima generalmente in confronto con altri documenti, e poi riguardo alla loro struttura e contenuto.
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Samuel’s State and Byzantium: History, Legend, Tradition, Heritage. Proceedings of the International Symposium “Days of Justinian I”, Skopje, 17-18 October 2014, 2015
It is needless to stress that the De Administrando Imperio or On the Administration of the Empire, undoubtedly the most famous work that carries the name of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, offers a real abundance of material that can be scrutinized on different levels and with various research goals and objectives. In many respect, as it has been recognized a long ago and reiterated many times since, the De Administrando Imperio is the narrative for the reconstruction of the earliest history of the Slavic principalities in southeastern Europe. It provides the unique information and a particular perspective. And it brings forth legendary elements that, with its elusive nature, constitute a genuine challenge when tried to be fit into a scholarly historiographical discourse. This paper aims at presenting and discussing three examples of the legendary elements found in the De Administrando Imperio and relating one way or the other to the early Croatian history, namely, the story of the capture of Salona that is narrated in two separate chapters (DAI, c. 29, 14-53, c. 30, 14-61), the story of the revolt of the Croats against the Franks (DAI, c. 30, 78-90), and the story of a saintly man by the name of Martin (DAI, c. 31, 42-57). The stories will be first treated as narrative texts, i.e. they will be subjected to the narratological analysis, and then to the historiographic analysis. An attempt will be made to (re-)interpret the content and meaning of the stories, the role that they might have had in the collective memory, and how and why they might have been refashioned and/or used to correspond to the Byzantine cultural/ideological/political needs. The last is stated bearing in mind that the stories cannot be so easily dismissed as mere literary ploys, invented traditions and ideological-propagandistic tools for wider dissemination since the De Administrando Imperio seems to have been, for all intents and purposes, a secret document not intended for general public
SCHREIBGESCHICHTE MAL ANDპRS, 2024
Geo Stroe - The relationship between culture and history in the vision of Ivan Birta Towards the end of 2022, I received with great interest the invitation to visit Clocotici, a town of approximately 1000 inhabitants where Mr. Ivan Birta has stored an important archive of manuscripts. I examined it with unquenchable thirst and curiosity, being amazed by the quality of the documents, by their inestimable value, by the ingenuity and care with which they were preserved, by the professional manner of archiving and, above all, by their number, quality, place and provenance. Clocotici is the first town of a thousand inhabitants that has the honor of being the capital of the richest library - a veritable treasure trove of ancient and medieval documents in Romania, maybe even in the whole world. So, the center of scientific knowledge is currently where gems of knowledge are found at an European academic level. An academic institution of a high cultural value must produce knowledge endlessly. I couldn't resist flipping through some documents to verify as much as possible, since I am in possession of national translator certificates in Spanish, English, French and Russian - obtained through competition – and also attended Arabic and Chinese courses for several years that I did not have the pretension to graduate with an exam. We thus identified documents in Sanskrit, Tibetan, in North African dialects, in addition to Latin, Greek, Slavonic, other Balkan languages neighboring Romania, and many more. I leave it to the pleasure of the author of the work to publicly announce his unique discoveries, including some that dispel the forgeries that the official textbooks of the country support and which, from this moment on, can no longer be present in elementary and high school or university textbooks. I therefore hope that the authentic documents with the Ivan Birta brand name will be recognized and put into circulation. We are living here in a historical, linguistic and spiritual moment of great amplitude. I cannot pronounce absolutely on the value of these precious, unique documents, some from before our era, ancient, medieval and up to the centuries close to the end of the 19th and 20th centuries. I have no way of inventorying them here and now. This is not even the goal I set for myself. They are invaluable, that is, the manuscripts cannot be equated with other identity documents, being simply unique. All the documents must be formalized, certified, cataloged and secured in order to preserve them as evidence of national identity for the safety of their existence and ours over the millennia. The archive housed in Clocotici, in a real castle, at a remarkable altitude of a miraculous and spectacular wooded environment, surrounded by a garden inherited from illustrious ancestors, is also the headquarters of the Association of Romanians from the Balkans founded by the author. I suggested to Mr. Ivan Birta to donate this archive to a state institution that has properly registered documentary records, military guard, adequate space, according to the national cultural heritage law, and, above all, professional, dedicated, language-savvy archivists and historical researchers the whole earth. There they should be forever stored as an identity treasure that will never be taken out of the country, in any situation that would affect our homeland. His largely diplomatic career allowed him to scour the world for documents, find precise targets and acquire identity documents of universal culture as well as the ancient culture of our ancestors. Ivan Birta did more for Romania than some entire academies subsidized by the states. I received several books written by the author, real doctoral theses, unique in terms of themes and resulting conclusions, some of integral European value, others in the process of being written. His characteristic style of writing, of presenting the truth, of evaluating and cataloging, of setting every word, every translated sentence, every phrase, every original page, is admirable. If he could have included all the ancient languages of the Earth in the philological, linguistic sense, his tireless work for the truth about culture and national education from the hearth of the formation of the Romanian nation would probably have been noticed much earlier. Anyway, what can a man do alone when facing some historical truths that bear the essence of national and universal cultural heritage? His distinguished white hair attest to the struggle, yet also proves the joy produced by the discoveries in literature, in the history of language and the documentary attestation of our millennial culture. It will probably take decades before all the treasures have been explored that Mr. Ivan Birta gathered in their evident splendor about us, about the nation, about Romania and the world in which we live. What unpleasantly surprises him and makes him say something that contradicts his beliefs, intentions or expectations is that the state institutions, which are paid for what he did as a private person, do not fulfil their purpose but, what is more, that those representatives from the category of experts with academic pretensions insulted him and, when he presented them with some original documents, accused him of intellectual falsification, plagiarism, etc., in order to increase their own merits, which they did not have and never will have. On the one hand, it means that those institutions and personnel who would have expressed themselves in this regard, their arguments being based on their titles and academic recognition, thus with the authority granted by their academic level, are either incompetent or, out of envy or ignorance, some individuals pronounce nonsense, curbing his enthusiasm, his desire to be useful for the identity history of Romanian culture and civilization, for our nation in the concert of international and universal cultural values. Thus the „academic” incompetence of some kills the truth and buries the eternal cultural heritage of the Romanian nation. What unites us in the fight is, from my side, the fact that the Romanian Academy - budgetary and tributary to the Latinist, Romanist vision of our history, refuses to recognize the ample evidence resulting from some recent research in a Dacian, Daco-Getic context. It is known that those from the south called us Getae, those from the west Dacians, and those from the east Romanians. We therefore have the historical right to define ourselves. We are Atlantodacoromani - the descendants of the Atlanteans in Europe, in short: DACOROMANI, that is DACI, ROMANIANS! It is certain that Mr. Ivan Birta overcame such incidents and continued with faith and tenacity to do exactly what he did best in life, leaving a huge legacy to the Romanian nation: The „Birta Archives”. And he won. He is a winner, with a wonderful family, with a brilliant career, with superb achievements for his nation and country. Personally, during a presentation at a symposium organized by several Romanian and foreign cultural-scientific societies, including the DacoRomânia Academy, in the Palace of Culture in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, I publicly expressed my amazement and admiration for the personality to his lordship who simply left the hall breathless. Some of the presented documents are so astonishing, they were so clearly and well expressed that I affirmed from the presidium, in a whisper, where I was with other directors of the symposium, that in a human life no one could have achieved such a thing with own resources, in the interest of our Romanians. At the end, I had a private but leisurely discussion with him, as from scientific researcher to scientific researcher. I must say, it was a meeting of the soul, unforgettable. Because the vocation of a dedicated scientific researcher in a human life for what he has already achieved has been completed through exceptional, remarkable, unique things. Dr. Geo Stroe, President of the Romanian Daco Academy
"Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia", 30, 2023
The article deals with two Byzantine chronicles that were translated into Old Church Slavic in the Middle Ages on the Balkan Peninsula and were subsequently adapted in Rus', where they served as the base and source of inspiration for indigenous East Slavic historical studies in universal history. It is about the works of Symeon Magister and Logothete, who probably wrote between the reign of Romanus I Lecapenus and the beginning of the reign of Basil II, and the Epitome historiarum of John Zonaras, covering history from the creation of the world to 1118, which is the most comprehensive Byzantine historical work and which, possibly, was completed ca. 1145. The aim of the article is to establish the chronology of the creation of the Old Church Slavic translations of both chronicles and the history of their dissemination in the Slavia Orthodoxa area (with a review of the state of research). The editions of the translations and unpublished manuscript material were examined (its excerpt is presented in the appendix). We were able to establish that the complete translation of the work of Symeon Magister and Logothete is preserved only in the Moldavian historiographical compilation of 1637, while the text of John Zonaras was translated by the Slavs several times and functioned in their literatures in many versions, none of which, however, is complete.
The paper examines the use of the Serbian language in the diplomatic correspondence of Hungarian kings and court officials in the 15th and 16th centuries from a philological point of view. The analysis includes the letters by King Matthias Corvinus (a letter to Friar Alexander from 1465 and a letter to Sultan Bayezid II from 1487), a letter by Stephen Báthory, court judge and Transylvanian Voivode of Matthias Corvinus, addressed to Smederevo sanjak-bey Mihaloğlu Ali Bey in 1483, as well as the letters by King John Zápolya sent in 1537 to Smederevo sanjak-bey Yahyapaşa-oğlu Mehmed Pasha and his deputy Ferhat. In addition to the text in the original script and translation into English, the paper also discusses the most important philological features of the aforementioned letters. The graphic and orthographic analysis indicated a high degree of unevenness and variation both within individual offices and individual documents: in the letter by Matthias Corvinus to Friar Alexander (1465) features of Bosnian-Hum and Raška orthography are mixed; in the letter by Matthias Corvinus to Sultan Bayezid II (1487) Raška orthography is used; in Báthory’s letter, features of Resava orthography predominate, while Raška orthography with elements of Resava prevails in the letters by John Zápolya. Following the criterion of the dialectal foundations of language, the analyzed letters are divided into two groups. The first group contains the letters by King Matthias Corvinus: the language of the letter to Sultan Bayezid II is based upon the Ikavian vernaculars of western Bosnia, and the language of the letter to Friar Alexander points to the Ikavian vernaculars of western Bosnia or the dialect from which the Posavina, Slavonic and Ikavian-Jekavian vernaculars of eastern Bosnia were derived. The second group incorporates Báthory’s letter to Mihaloğlu Ali Bey and letters of John Zápolya, in which the language is based on the southeastern Serbian dialect of the 15th and 16th centuries.
2018
is henceforth to become a new publication series at the Centre for Research in Breton and Celtic Studies (crbc) of the University of Western Brittany (ubo), Brest. This builds on long-term collaboration between research centres in Celtic Studies at Ulster University and UBO. Studia Celto-Slavica was originally launched in 2006 with the publication of the Societas Celto-Slavica inaugural colloquium proceedings at Coleraine. 1 Altogether, eight volumes of the series have been published. 2 The series invites contributions on topics such as Celto-Slavic isoglosses, Indo-European linguistic heritage and archaeological data, Celtic place-names in the Slavic countries, parallels in languages, literatures and cultures, as well as similarities between Celtic and Slavic narrative and folklore traditions. Developing from this original Celto-Slavica framework, the series now accepts articles on Celtic Studies topics in general. 1
D. Dzino & K. Parry (eds.), Byzantium, its neighbors and its cultures. Byzantina Australiensia 20 (Australian Association for Byzantine Studies: Brisbane, 2014), 89-105., 2014
