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The goal of this report is to show that Rumeika (the dialect of Azov Greeks) is neither Pontic nor Nothern Greek dialect, though many features from the both may be found
Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2019.02.12, 2019
Languages
Azov Greek is a Modern Greek dialect currently spoken in several villages in the area of Mariupol (Eastern Ukraine). Recent studies in Modern Greek dialectology clearly demonstrate that all Modern Greek dialects (even so specific as Tsakonian) in some period (or periods) of their history were deeply influenced by other dialects or languages and the traces of this influence can be found on various linguistic levels. Azov Greek is no exception here. This contribution intends not only to specify languages involved in language contact with Azov Greek and to analyze the most remarkable features but also to reconstruct a timeline of these contacts. The analysis is based on the field research data collected in Greek speaking villages around Mariupol between 2001 and 2019 and considers folklore and literary texts in Azov Greek.
Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология, 2024
Диалектная лексикография является неотъемлемой частью диалектологии. Словари для диалектов новогреческого языка начали создаваться в XIX в. Вначале их задачей было показать связь того или иного диалекта с древнегреческим. Однако постепенно, по ходу развития новогреческой диалектологии, начали меняться и диалектные словари, все более ориентируясь на актуальные диалектные данные. В настоящей статье освещаются три аспекта, связанные с новогреческой диалектной лексикографией. Во-первых, прослеживается связь между развитием лингвистических теорий и, соответственно, новогреческой диалектологией и теми изменениями, которые постепенно претерпевали новогреческие диалектные словари. Во-вторых, предлагается обзор словарей цаконского диалекта с точки зрения общей парадигмы развития новогреческой диалектной лексикографии. И, наконец, подробно обсуждаются особенности недавно созданного авторами статьи онлайн-словаря цаконского диалекта и перспективы его развития. Today, the majority of Modern Greek dialects have a dictionary, sometimes even more than one. This lexicographic boom started in the 19th century. First dictionaries were very unprofessional as most author had no idea of linguistics and lexicography, and the lexicography of that period was in its initial stage. The goal of the most dictionaries was to archaic features and words in Modern Greek dialects. So, the etymological commentary often the central part of the entry. Structuralism and the later linguistic theories motivated the changes in Modern Greek dialectal lexicography. At last, the focus has moved from the history to the current state of the dialect. Despite these positive improvements, dialectal dictionaries are hardly ever used be the speakers of the dialects. Most of them do not have the dictionary close at hand when needed and without a habit of using a dictionary, sometimes it is not easy to find a required word or not to get lost in the information of the entry. Moreover, pretty often the translation is needed not “from” the dialect but “to” the dialect, and such kind of dictionaries are extremely rare. As a result, the existing dictionaries of Modern Greek dialects can hardly be used as a tool of revitalization. In our contribution, we present the online-dictionary of Tsakonian we have recently created. It is built on top of Python and the Django module. The webpage allows to search both from Tsakonian to Greek and, as a novelty, from Greek to Tsakonian, a characteristic not supported by any other materials so far. Entries provide a brief description of the grammatical inflection for a significant proportion of terms. We believe that this dictionary may become the key component of a broader process of preservation and revitalization of Tsakonian as a basis for Tsakonian linguistic corpus and online platform for teaching Tsakonian. Once created, the online Tsakonian dictionary will become a model for other project aimed at the creation of dialectal dictionaries.
Journal of Indo-European Studies, Vol. 51, 3&4, 2025
The current paper discusses the existing archaic elements (ancient or medieval) in the Thassian linguistic enclave, placing particular emphasis on their lexical manifestations. The conducted research yielded four major lexical categories revolving around archaisms: First, words that retain the same form and meaning. Second, words that are phonologically or morphologically altered but maintain their ancient Greek or Medieval meaning. Third, words that retain the same form, but changed or extended their original ancient or Medieval meaning and fourth, words that exhibit an altered morphophonological and semantic profile. The outcomes of such a study bear a high degree of significance from both a linguistic and historical perspective. Linguistically, because, on the one hand, the collection, documentation, and analysis of such linguistic elements acts as a barrier against their demise due to the increasing leveling tendencies exerted on the hosting dialectal environment by SMG, and, on the other hand, it expands our knowledge on the subject, and it forms a basis for further comparison and reflection in the field. Historically, because elements of the type constitute proof of the linguistic, and therefore historical continuity of modern Greek dialects from antiquity until today simultaneously signifying the distinctive character of this insular dialectal environment, since a number of these archaic words are unique to it.
Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология, 2024
Последние десятилетия неоэллинистов все более привлекают не только лексические и фонетические особенности новогреческих диалектов, но и вопросы (морфо)синтаксиса. В этой статье предпринимается попытка комплексного описания местоименного синтаксиса на материале шести локальных вариантов (= диалектов) новогреческого языка (северно-хиотского, цаконского, кипрского, греческого диалекта Южной Албании (Дропул), диалекта приазовских греков (малоянисольский субдиалект) и понтийского южной России и Абхазии), собранных во время экспедиций и индивидуальной работы с информантами в 2003–2023 гг. В ходе исследования рассматриваются следующие аспекты местоименного синтаксиса: (а) принципы, регулирующие позицию местоименной клитики в рамках глагольной группы; (б) факторы, влияющие на взаимное положение нескольких местоименных клитик внутри глагольной группы; (в) местоименный повтор дополнения. В последнем случае речь идет не только о наличии самого явления, но и о возможных вариантах порядка его составляющих. Проведенный анализ демонстрирует, что каждая из описанных особенностей и в отдельности может быть использована как критерий для классификации новогреческих диалектов. Однако более перспективным представляется сопоставление особенностей местоименного синтаксиса в комплексе с привлечением, например, методов диалектометрического анализа, таких, как подсчет расстояние Хэмминга. (Morpho)syntactic peculiarities of Modern Greek dialects attract more and more researchers in the last decades. In this contribution, my goal is to perform a complex analysis of the pronominal syntax of 6 local varieties (= dialects) of Modern Greek: Northern Chiotic, Tsakonian, Cypriot, Greek of Southern Albania (Dropull), Azov Greek (the subdialect of Maloyanisol) and Pontic from Southern Russia and Abkhazia. The data used in the research is the result of the fieldwork of 2003–2023. The analysis is focused on three phenomena: (a) regulations of the pronominal clitic position, (b) patterns of linearization of multiple clitic pronouns, (c) Clitic Doubling. The study of Clitic Doubling aims to find out whether the phenomenon exists in the dialect and describe all possible orders of its constituents. I believe that each of the three phenomena could an interesting criterion for dialectal classification. However, it is more to compare pronominal syntax in complex using, for example, the methods of dialectometric analysis, like the calculation of the Hamming distance.
2003
The study of the Greek language is argued here to be of relevance to Slavic studies and Slavic linguistics in several ways. After a brief presentation of some of the more important connections between Greek and the Slavic linguistic world, the focus is turned to one in particular that has not commanded the attention it might, namely the fact that Greek has historically been spoken and continues to be spoken in many areas in which Slavic-speakers predominate. By way of addressing that particular issue, the paper concludes with an overview of the history and status of Greek in one such region, the former Soviet Union, with comments on some differences between these varieties and the Standard language as spoken in Greece itself.
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Proceedings of the 5th Patras international conference of graduate students in linguistics (PICGL5), 2019
Greek settlers came to the Azov Sea region from the Crimea in the late 18th century. They founded the city of Mariupol and numerous villages around it. In the Crimea, urban Greeks spoke Greek-Tatar (so-called Urum), a dialect of Crimean Tatar, while Greeks from the villages could speak both Urum and their native Greek dialect Ruméjka. There were Urum and Ruméjka speakers among the migrants to the Azov Sea region. It seems that they never lived together in the Crimea, and they kept this tradition after they moved to the Azov Sea as well. Greek dialect of the Azov Sea region (Ruméjka or Azov Greek) gathered much attention both from Russian/Soviet and European (mostly German and Greek) scholars. Perhaps, the most discussed problem was the origin of Ruméjka. There are two well-known hypotheses that usually migrate from paper to paper when Ruméjka is mentioned: this dialect is considered either a Pontic or a Northern Greek one. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate that Ruméjka should be described from a typological point of view and may be easily compared with other Modern Greek dialects. There is no doubt that Azov Greek will provide valuable information for linguistic cartography and classification of Modern Greek dialects. This paper is based on field research data which were collected in various Greek-speaking villages around the city of Mariupol (Ukraine) in 2003–2005.
Journal of Refugee Studies 4, 1991
The majority of ethnic Greeks who are leaving the Soviet Union in order to settle in Greece are Pontians. These people originate from the eastern half of the southern shores of the Black Sea. This article attempts to deal briefly (a) with the relationship of their dialect with other varieties of Greek and (b) with the question whether Pontic is a dialect of Greek or a separate language. The conclusion drawn is that Pontic is a modern Greek dialect, albeit far removed from today's standard language, and that those who are involved in teaching standard Greek to Soviet Pontian immigrants in Greece would be assisted in their task if they bore in mind the similarities and differences between these two versions of Greek rather than teaching the standard language as if it were a totally foreign language.
Journal of Greek Linguistics, 2011
Th is volume is the fi rst in what will be a series on the language, literature, and culture of ethnic Greeks in Southern Ukraine by the Hellenic Institute of St. Petersburg (Series Title: Язык и Kультура Mариупольских Греков [Th e Language and Culture of Mariupol Greeks]). Th is volume presents fi ndings from fi eldwork conducted between 2001 and 2004 by students pursuing the "Ethnolinguistics and Field Research" concentration off ered by the Department of Linguistics at St. Petersburg State University under the direction of faculty from the Department of General Linguistics, Mathematical Linguistics, Russian, English and German Philology and the Department of Ethnography. Th e data were collected in seventeen villages populated by ethnic Greeks to the west and north of the city of Mariupol in Southern Ukraine on the coast of the Azov Sea, where ethnic Greeks relocated from Crimea in 1778-1779. 2 Th e Azov Greeks Approximately 120,000 ethnic Greeks reside currently in the city of Marioupol and 32 villages in the surrounding area (Pappou-Zouravliova, 1999 : 129). Th ey represent the largest Greek community in the former Soviet Union and have preserved Greek traditions and customs. However, this population of diaspora Greeks is linguistically diverse. In 14 villages, Greek settlers and their descendants speak Urum, a Turkic language. In 18 villages, they speak Rumeika, a dialect of Modern Greek (Pappou-Zouravliova, 1999 : 129). Rumeika itself is not structurally uniform, so recognizing a number of diff erent varieties of Rumeika has been proposed (Pappou-Zouravliova, 1999 : 137).
Journal of Greek Linguistics, 2003
Although there are many works on individual Modern Greek dialects, there are very few overall descriptions, classifications, or cartographical representations of Greek dialects available in the literature. This paper discusses some possible reasons for these lacunae, having to do with dialect methodology, and Greek history and geography. It then moves on to employ the work of Kontossopoulos and Newton in an attempt to arrive at a more detailed classification of Greek dialects than has hitherto been attempted, using a small number of phonological criteria, and to provide a map, based on this classification, of the overall geographical configuration of Greek dialects.
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects. From Central Greece to the Black Sea, 2017
A new collective volume with over twenty important studies on less well-studied dialects of ancient Greek, particularly of the northern regions. The book covers geographically a broad area of the classical Greek world ranging from Central Greece to the overseas Greek colonies of Thrace and the Black Sea. Particular emphasis is placed on the epichoric varieties of areas on the northern fringe of the classical Greek world, including Thessaly, Epirus and Macedonia. Recent advances in research are taken into consideration in providing state-of-the art accounts of these understudied dialects, but also of more well-known dialects like Lesbian. In addition, other papers address special intriguing topics in these, but also in other dialects, such as Thessalian, Lesbian and Ionic, or focus on important multi-dialectal corpora such as the oracular tablets from Dodona. Finally, a number of studies examine broader topics like the supraregional Doric koinai or the concept of dialect continuum, or even explore the possibility of an ancient Balkansprachbund, which included Greek too. This new reference work covers a gap in current research and will be indispensable for people interested in Greek dialectology and ancient Greek in general.
The present paper investigates the position of ethnic and non-ethnic languages of Pontic Greeks residing in the areas of North Caucasus (Russia). To the ethnic languages of Pontic Greeks we attribute the Pontic Greek Dialect and Standard Modern Greek while Russian and Turkish constitute the non-ethnic languages Pontic Greeks speak. More specifically, since these four languages are used to a different extent and in different contexts, the purpose of this study is to determine the status of each language within this multilingual community and to try to account for the reasons as to why one (or more) language(s) is (are) used more frequently than other(s). As in any multilingual community, one or more languages can often be loaded with certain symbols such as ethnic, national, religious and gender among others, and the Pontic Greek community is not an exception in this respect. Likewise, different language attitudes can be observed within the Pontic Greeks community. Thus, the status of each language determines its prestige, either positive or negative, which in turn generates a wish of a multilingual community to maintain, shift or even abandon one (or more) of its languages. In addition, each language may play a certain role and often perform specific functions inside as well as outside a given speech community. In the case of Pontic Greeks who live permanently in Russia such phenomenon is observed and, in this relation, an attempt is made to shed some light on which language(s) is (are) under the threat of extinction and which bear a privileged position and what reasons may lie behind the current sociolinguistic situation. The results demonstrate that one of the ethnic languages is maintained while the other is gradually being abandoned. Likewise, active attempts, on the part of Pontic Greeks, are made get rid of one of their non-ethnic languages and keep the other.
Annotation: The article deals with the Turkish dialect of the Gagauz people from Thourio, North Eastern Greece. The main phonetic, morphological, and syntactic features of the dialect are shown.
