Building Reliable LLM Systems
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Building Reliable LLM Systems
This course is part of LLM Engineering That Works: Prompting, Tuning, and Retrieval Professional Certificate
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What you'll learn
Build scripts with lexical/semantic metrics to evaluate LLMs, diagnose hallucinations, and balance vector-search recall against latency.
Apply hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and significance metrics to evaluate model accuracy and validate results from A/B experiments.
Utilize parameterized SQL and data manipulation to segment user logs, calculate retention, and securely retrieve large-scale datasets.
Analyze LLM performance gaps to prioritize technical fixes and implement remediation measures for production-level reliability.
Skills you'll gain
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- Statistical Methods
- Debugging
- Performance Tuning
- Model Evaluation
- Large Language Modeling
- MLOps (Machine Learning Operations)
- Statistical Hypothesis Testing
- Data-Driven Decision-Making
- Performance Testing
- LLM Application
- SQL
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML)
- Statistical Analysis
Tools you'll learn
Details to know
March 2026
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There are 5 modules in this course
Building Reliable LLM Systems is a comprehensive course for AI practitioners looking to move beyond basic models and create production-grade applications. While getting an LLM to generate text is easy, ensuring a consistently accurate, relevant, and trustworthy output is a significant engineering challenge. This course provides a systematic framework for tackling the entire lifecycle of LLM reliability.
You will start by learning to quantitatively evaluate model performance using a suite of lexical and semantic metrics, such as BLEU, ROUGE-L, and cosine similarity. You’ll dive deep into debugging, using log analysis and data manipulation to uncover the root causes of critical failures, such as hallucinations, by correlating them with retrieval system performance. The course emphasizes statistical rigor, teaching you to design and analyze A/B tests, apply hypothesis testing, and calculate confidence intervals to prove the significance of your optimizations. Finally, you’ll optimize the foundational data layers, learning to tune SQL queries and vector search parameters to achieve the perfect balance between recall and latency.
This module lays the groundwork for quantitative Large Language Mode (LLM) evaluation. Learners will discover why relying on intuition to judge model performance is unsustainable and explore the foundational metrics used to create automated, objective evaluation systems. We will cover both lexical similarity metrics (like BLEU and ROUGE-L) that assess text structure and semantic metrics (like cosine similarity) that capture meaning. By the end of this module, learners will have the conceptual understanding and practical code to build their first automated evaluation script.
What's included
8 videos3 readings3 assignments3 ungraded labs
8 videos•Total 44 minutes
- How to Compute Lexical Metrics: BLEU & ROUGE-L in Python?•6 minutes
- How to Compute Semantic Similarity with Embeddings?•6 minutes
- Why Guess When You Can Know? The Case of the "Better" Prompt•5 minutes
- The Language of Experimentation: Hypotheses, P-Values, and Power•5 minutes
- Running the Numbers: A/B Test Analysis in Python•7 minutes
- From Report to Action: The Optimization Loop•3 minutes
- Case Study: Benchmarking a Sentiment Analyzer•6 minutes
- Scripting Your First Evaluation Report•6 minutes
3 readings•Total 17 minutes
- A Guide to LLM Evaluation: Lexical and Semantic Metrics•5 minutes
- Designing a Fair Race: A/B Testing for LLMs•7 minutes
- Building a Reproducible Evaluation Workflow•5 minutes
3 assignments•Total 50 minutes
- Build Your LLM Evaluation Toolkit•30 minutes
- Knowledge Check: Choosing Your Metrics•10 minutes
- Knowledge Check: Statistical Testing Concepts•10 minutes
3 ungraded labs•Total 128 minutes
- Building Your First Automated Evaluation Script•60 minutes
- Statistical Significance Testing•60 minutes
- Planning Your Optimization Strategy•8 minutes
When a production chatbot starts giving incorrect answers, how do you find the problem and fix it? This module equips AI practitioners, ML engineers, and data analysts with the essential skills for debugging production LLMs. Go beyond theory and learn the systematic, data-driven workflow that professionals use to solve the critical problem of AI hallucinations. You will be equipped to transition from merely observing AI failures to expertly diagnosing and resolving them.
What's included
5 videos3 readings3 assignments2 ungraded labs
5 videos•Total 29 minutes
- Why Logs Matter: The Air Canada Case?•6 minutes
- Calculating Retention in Pandas•6 minutes
- Why RAG Fails: The Root of Hallucination?•6 minutes
- Correlating Errors with Retrieval in Pandas•6 minutes
- Visualizing the Proof in Matplotlib•5 minutes
3 readings•Total 28 minutes
- Anatomy of a Log File•8 minutes
- The Engineering Brief: From Analysis to Action•10 minutes
- Authoring the Engineering Brief•10 minutes
3 assignments•Total 40 minutes
- LLM Diagnostics Report•30 minutes
- Knowledge Check: Retention Metrics•5 minutes
- Knowledge Check: Communicating Findings•5 minutes
2 ungraded labs•Total 120 minutes
- Lab 1: Segmenting Users & Finding the Drop•60 minutes
- Lab 2: Proving the Root Cause•60 minutes
When making high-stakes deployment decisions, a simple accuracy score is not enough. This module equips you with the statistical methods to rigorously validate LLM performance improvements. By the end of this module, you will be able to move beyond subjective "it seems better" evaluations to confidently state, "we can prove it's better," ensuring every deployment decision is backed by sound statistical evidence.
What's included
5 videos2 readings3 assignments3 ungraded labs
5 videos•Total 30 minutes
- Why Single Scores Lie•8 minutes
- Calculating Wilson Intervals in Python•4 minutes
- Why Gut Feelings Fail in A/B Testing•6 minutes
- Running a Chi-Square Test in Python•6 minutes
- Visualizing Confidence with Matplotlib•5 minutes
2 readings•Total 14 minutes
- Core Concepts: Confidence and Significance•8 minutes
- Storytelling with Statistical Visuals•6 minutes
3 assignments•Total 40 minutes
- LLM Evaluation Report•30 minutes
- Confidence Intervals Quiz•5 minutes
- Communicating Results Quiz•5 minutes
3 ungraded labs•Total 110 minutes
- Lab 1: Quantifying Model Accuracy•20 minutes
- Lab 2: Validating a Model Improvement•30 minutes
- Lab 3: Create a Comparison Chart•60 minutes
In the world of large-scale AI, slow queries and inefficient search can bring a system to its knees. This module provides the critical skills to prevent that, focusing on practical database and vector search optimization techniques. By the end of this module, you will be equipped to systematically analyze and optimize production retrieval systems, ensuring your AI applications are not only powerful but also fast and reliable.
What's included
4 videos3 readings4 assignments3 ungraded labs
4 videos•Total 26 minutes
- From Inefficient to Optimized•7 minutes
- The Recall vs. Latency Trade-Off•5 minutes
- Tuning an HNSW Index•8 minutes
- Beyond One-Off Tests: The Need for Continuous Benchmarking•5 minutes
3 readings•Total 25 minutes
- Secure and Efficient Query Patterns•10 minutes
- Understanding Vector Search Parameters•10 minutes
- Core Metrics of a Benchmarking Framework•5 minutes
4 assignments•Total 85 minutes
- Submit Your Performance Optimization Report•45 minutes
- SQL Security and Patterns•15 minutes
- Parameter Tuning Scenarios Quiz•15 minutes
- Interpreting Benchmark Results•10 minutes
3 ungraded labs•Total 140 minutes
- Identifying Slowest Queries using Parameterized SQL•20 minutes
- Tune HNSW Parameters for Recall and Latency•60 minutes
- Create an Automated Benchmarking Suite•60 minutes
In this module, you will conduct an end-to-end performance audit comparing two LLM variants using an A/B test dataset. You will implement a pipeline to calculate key performance metrics, including lexical and semantic similarity, and use statistical A/B testing to validate model improvements. The project culminates in a comprehensive report where you will correlate hallucination rates with retrieval logs and synthesize your findings into data-driven recommendations for stakeholders, guiding the decision for a production-level rollout in a customer support application.
What's included
2 readings1 assignment
2 readings•Total 8 minutes
- The Final Say: From Data to Decision•3 minutes
- Your Mission: The Performance Audit•5 minutes
1 assignment•Total 120 minutes
- Project: End-to-End LLM Performance Audit •120 minutes
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Frequently asked questions
The course assumes basic familiarity with statistics. It includes practical, applied lessons on confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, and offers step-by-step examples so that practitioners with modest statistical knowledge can follow along. Consider a short statistics refresher if you are new to hypothesis testing.
You will write evaluation scripts in Python, analyze logs and segmented datasets, run A/B test analyses, use SQL for data retrieval, and evaluate vector-search parameters (e.g., HNSW) commonly used with vector databases. No proprietary tools are required.
The course focuses on measurable, repeatable engineering practices: automated evaluation pipelines, statistical experiment design, log-driven debugging, and data-layer tuning. These skills help you prioritize fixes and validate improvements in real production settings.
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¹ Some assignments in this course are AI-graded. For these assignments, your data will be used in accordance with Coursera's Privacy Notice.
