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t-Tests of Hypotheses About Means

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t-Tests of Hypotheses About Means

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Gain insight into a topic and learn the fundamentals.
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6 hours to complete
Flexible schedule
Learn at your own pace
Gain insight into a topic and learn the fundamentals.
Beginner level

Recommended experience

6 hours to complete
Flexible schedule
Learn at your own pace

What you'll learn

  • Compare and contrast z- and t-distributions, and determine the appropriate test for various research situations.

  • Develop and generate hypotheses for differences between means and conduct the corresponding tests.

  • Calculate and interpret t-tests, effect sizes, and confidence intervals from raw data and summary statistics.

Details to know

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Assessments

28 assignments

Taught in English

Build your subject-matter expertise

This course is part of the Basic Inferential Statistics for Psychology Specialization
When you enroll in this course, you'll also be enrolled in this Specialization.
  • Learn new concepts from industry experts
  • Gain a foundational understanding of a subject or tool
  • Develop job-relevant skills with hands-on projects
  • Earn a shareable career certificate

There are 7 modules in this course

This is primarily aimed at first- and second-year undergraduates interested in psychology, data analysis, and quantitative research methods along with high school students and professionals with similar interests.

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of statistical methods for comparing means, focusing on the t-test. Students will learn to conduct and interpret one-sample, paired-samples, and independent-samples t-tests, using raw data and summary statistics. The course also covers calculation and interpretation of effect sizes, confidence intervals, and statistical power. Table of Contents: The t-Statistic The The Varieties of t-Tests and When To Use Them The One-Sample t-Test The Paired-Samples t-Test The Independent-Samples t-Test

This module introduces you to your PsycLearn Essentials course. Find out what’s included in this course and how to navigate the modules and lessons. You’ll also learn valuable study tips for successful learning.

What's included

7 readings

7 readings•Total 23 minutes
  • Welcome to PsycLearn Essentials•3 minutes
  • Survey: What Would You Like to See Next?•2 minutes
  • How to Earn Certificates•2 minutes
  • What’s in Your Course•5 minutes
  • Study Tips for Success in PsycLearn Essentials•5 minutes
  • Additional Information•5 minutes
  • Representation in Research•1 minute

This module provides a variety of information and tools from the American Psychological Association (APA) that will help inspire you as you complete your coursework and plan your career goals. Get discounted access to Academic Writer, APA’s online tool for writing effectively, as well as valuable advice that will help you develop and strengthen your skillset for learning success and future employment. Additionally, explore resources on various psychological issues. This module also includes APA resources on scholarly research and writing; a list of sites providing valuable resources on diversity, equity, and inclusion in psychology education and in the professional community; resources on a career in psychology; and links to career opportunities at the APA. You can also view videos that offer tips on dealing with stress.

What's included

8 readings

8 readings•Total 19 minutes
  • Introduction to APA Resources•5 minutes
  • Student Resources•2 minutes
  • APA Style®, Research, and Writing•2 minutes
  • Students from Diverse Ethnic, Cultural, and Economic Backgrounds•2 minutes
  • Psychology Help Center•2 minutes
  • Psychology Careers•2 minutes
  • Careers and Internships at APA•2 minutes
  • Other APA Resources•2 minutes

What's included

3 videos3 readings3 assignments

3 videos•Total 10 minutes
  • Student’s t-test•2 minutes
  • The t Family of Distributions•6 minutes
  • Different Ways To Use the t-Test•2 minutes
3 readings•Total 11 minutes
  • t-Distributions•2 minutes
  • Differences Between t and z•4 minutes
  • Selecting the Appropriate t-Test•5 minutes
3 assignments•Total 13 minutes
  • Module Quiz: The t-Statistic•5 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Student’s t•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Which t-Test?•6 minutes

We have learned that one-sample t-tests can be used to help us compare a sample mean to a population mean where the population mean is known, but the population standard deviation is unknown. For example, if we wanted to compare the mean number of sleep hours among college students on one campus to the mean number of sleep hours among U.S. college students, what process would we follow to conduct a null hypothesis significance test using a one-sample t-test? This module explains that process.

What's included

9 videos8 readings8 assignments

9 videos•Total 21 minutes
  • Standard Error of the Mean Calculation Example•1 minute
  • Using the t-Table•1 minute
  • The PsycLearn t-Tests Data Set•3 minutes
  • One-Sample t-Test in jamovi•4 minutes
  • t-Test Reports in jamovi•3 minutes
  • Calculating Effect Size•1 minute
  • Calculating a Confidence Interval•3 minutes
  • Loading the jamovi Power Module•1 minute
  • Using the jamovi jpower Tool•5 minutes
8 readings•Total 36 minutes
  • Getting Started With the One-Sample t-Test•7 minutes
  • Step 1: Hypotheses•2 minutes
  • Step 2: The Criterion•6 minutes
  • Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•5 minutes
  • Step 4: State a Decision•3 minutes
  • Effect Size for One-Sample t-Tests•5 minutes
  • Confidence Intervals for One-Sample t-Tests•3 minutes
  • Doing Power Calculations•5 minutes
8 assignments•Total 40 minutes
  • Module Quiz: One-Sample t-Test•10 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 1: Hypothesis•7 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 2: The Criterion•6 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•3 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 4: State a Decision•1 minute
  • Check your understanding: Using jamovi for One-Sample t-Tests•5 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Effect Size and Confidence Intervals•5 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Power Calculations for t-Tests•3 minutes

The paired-samples t-test is used when we take two measurements from each observation in a sample and want to compare the mean of the first measurement to the mean of the second measurement. For example, if we wanted to compare the number of goals a soccer team scored in the first half during a season to the number they scored in the second half, for each observation (game) we would record two measurements, goals scored in the first half and goals scored in the second half, allowing us to compare the mean first half score against the mean second half score.

What's included

2 videos7 readings8 assignments

2 videos•Total 5 minutes
  • Standard Error Calculation for Paired-Samples t-Test•2 minutes
  • Paired-Samples t-Test in jamovi•3 minutes
7 readings•Total 26 minutes
  • Getting Started With the Paired-Samples t-Test•3 minutes
  • Step 1: Hypotheses•3 minutes
  • Step 2: The Criterion•7 minutes
  • Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•4 minutes
  • Step 4: State a Decision•2 minutes
  • Step 5: Effect Size•3 minutes
  • Step 6: Confidence Intervals•4 minutes
8 assignments•Total 30 minutes
  • Module Quiz: Paired-Samples t-Test•10 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 1: Hypotheses•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 2: The Criterion•4 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•3 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 4: State a Decision•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 5: Effect Size•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 6: Confidence Intervals•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Using jamovi for a Paired-Samples t-Test•5 minutes

The independent-samples t-test is used when we take measurements from each observation in two separate groups and want to compare the mean of the first group to the mean of the second group. For example, if we wanted to compare the average level of happiness for a control group and a group that experienced a gratitude-exercise intervention, we would use an independent-samples t-test.

What's included

2 videos7 readings8 assignments

2 videos•Total 5 minutes
  • Standard Error Calculation for Independent-Samples t-Test•2 minutes
  • Independent-Samples t-Test in jamovi•3 minutes
7 readings•Total 40 minutes
  • Getting Started With the Independent-Samples t-Test•5 minutes
  • Step 1: Hypotheses•10 minutes
  • Step 2: The Criterion•9 minutes
  • Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•6 minutes
  • Step 4: State a Decision•2 minutes
  • Step 5: Effect Size•5 minutes
  • Step 6: Confidence Intervals•3 minutes
8 assignments•Total 42 minutes
  • Module Quiz: Independent-Samples t-Test•10 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 1: Hypotheses•5 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 2: The Criterion•7 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic•3 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 4: State a Decision•2 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 5: Effect Size•3 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Step 6: Confidence Intervals]•7 minutes
  • Check your understanding: Using jamovi for an Independent-Samples t-Test•5 minutes

What's included

10 readings1 assignment

10 readings•Total 30 minutes
  • Reading: Key Terms•1 minute
  • References•10 minutes
  • Introduction to APA Resources•5 minutes
  • Student Resources•2 minutes
  • APA Style®, Research, and Writing•2 minutes
  • Students from Diverse Ethnic, Cultural, and Economic Backgrounds•2 minutes
  • Psychology Help Center•2 minutes
  • Psychology Careers•2 minutes
  • Careers and Internships at APA•2 minutes
  • Other APA Resources•2 minutes
1 assignment•Total 15 minutes
  • Course Quiz: t-Tests in Psychology•15 minutes

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American Psychological Association
14 Courses•21,769 learners

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