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⇱ SHAM Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com


sham

American  
[sham] / ʃæm /

noun

  1. something that is not what it purports to be; a spurious imitation; fraud or hoax.

    Synonyms:
    pretense, pretense
  2. a person who shams; shammer.

  3. a cover or the like for giving a thing a different outward appearance.

    a pillow sham.


adjective

  1. pretended; counterfeit; feigned.

    sham attacks; a sham Gothic façade.

    Synonyms:
    mock, make-believe, spurious
    Antonyms:
    genuine
  2. designed, made, or used as a sham.

verb (used with object)

shammed, shamming
  1. to produce an imitation of.

    Synonyms:
    imitate
  2. to assume the appearance of; pretend to have.

    to sham illness.

    Synonyms:
    fake, feign

verb (used without object)

shammed, shamming
  1. to make a false show of something; pretend.

sham British  
/ ʃæm /

noun

  1. anything that is not what it purports or appears to be

  2. something false, fake, or fictitious that purports to be genuine

  3. a person who pretends to be something other than he is

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

adjective

  1. counterfeit or false; simulated

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

verb

  1. to falsely assume the appearance of (something); counterfeit

    to sham illness

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Related Words

See false.

Other Word Forms

  • shammer noun
  • unshammed adjective

Etymology

Origin of sham

First recorded in 1670–80; perhaps an alteration of shame ( def. ); origin uncertain

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

The whole thing is a sham, mockery,” he said.

From Salon • Apr. 5, 2026

Eight people were arrested and 15 were charged in an alleged scheme to bilk more than $50 million in healthcare funds by running sham hospice facilities across Southern California, federal officials announced Thursday.

From Los Angeles Times • Apr. 2, 2026

Treated mice had lower levels of collagen, a major component of scar tissue, than untreated mice or those that underwent a sham procedure in which the intestine was cut and reconnected without removing tissue.

From Science Daily • Mar. 18, 2026

It was surprised by the request for a new trial and the inclusion of sham surgery for the placebo group.

From MarketWatch • Mar. 9, 2026

In her heart, does she truly forgive me for choosing Beatriz’s sham of a friendship over her?

From "Like Vanessa" by Tami Charles

Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.